Autophagy: process and function
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TLDR
In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophileagy is discussed in a process-based manner.Abstract:
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Despite its simplicity, recent progress has demonstrated that autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles, which are sometimes complex. Autophagy consists of several sequential steps--sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation, and utilization of degradation products--and each step may exert different function. In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophagy is discussed in a process-based manner.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thymoquinone Inhibits Autophagy and Induces Cathepsin-Mediated, Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells
TL;DR: It is shown that TQ selectively inhibits the clonogenicity of glioblastoma cells as compared to normal human astrocytes, and a novel mechanism of action for TQ is described as an autophagy inhibitor selectively targeting gliobeasts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy: A novel mechanism of chemoresistance in cancers.
Xinyu Li,Yong Zhou,Yongshuang Li,Liang Yang,Yingbo Ma,Xueqiang Peng,Shuo Yang,Jingang Liu,Hangyu Li +8 more
TL;DR: The role of autophagy is identified and recent advances in the identification of the mechanism by which it is implicated in drug resistance are described, with a focus on the mode of action, and validation as potential therapeutics are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Apigenin-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy formation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells.
Yujin Lee,Bokyung Sung,Yong Jung Kang,Dong Hwan Kim,Jung-Yoon Jang,Seong Yeon Hwang,Minjung Kim,Hyun Sook Lim,Jeong-Hyun Yoon,Hae Young Chung,Nam Deuk Kim +10 more
TL;DR: Apigenin has apoptosis- and autophagy-inducing effects in HCT116 colon cancer cells, and the combination of apigenin and an autophagic inhibitor may be a promising strategy for colon cancer control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell "self-eating" (autophagy) mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: The current evidence linking autophagy to Alzheimer's disease as well as the uncertainty over the exact role and level of autophagic regulation in the pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Internalized gap junctions are degraded by autophagy
John T. Fong,Rachael M. Kells,Anna M. Gumpert,Jutta Y. Marzillier,Michael W. Davidson,Matthias M. Falk +5 more
TL;DR: This study provides novel molecular and mechanistic insights into an alternative GJ degradation pathway and its recent link to health and disease lends additional importance to this GJs degradation mechanism and to autophagy in general.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing
Yukiko Kabeya,Noboru Mizushima,Noboru Mizushima,Takashi Ueno,Akitsugu Yamamoto,Takayoshi Kirisako,Takayoshi Kirisako,Takeshi Noda,Takeshi Noda,Eiki Kominami,Yoshinori Ohsumi,Yoshinori Ohsumi,Tamotsu Yoshimori,Tamotsu Yoshimori +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the rat microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of Apg8p essential for autophagy in yeast, is associated to the autophagosome membranes after processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development by Self-Digestion: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Functions of Autophagy
Beth Levine,Daniel J. Klionsky +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular machinery of autophagy and the role of the autophagic machinery in eukaryotic development and identifies a set of evolutionarily conserved genes that are essential forAutophagy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice
Taichi Hara,Kenji Nakamura,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Akitsugu Yamamoto,Yohko Nakahara,Rika Suzuki-Migishima,Minesuke Yokoyama,Kenji Mishima,Ichiro Saito,Hideyuki Okano,Noboru Mizushima +12 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the continuous clearance of diffuse cytosolic proteins through basal autophagy is important for preventing the accumulation of abnormal proteins, which can disrupt neural function and ultimately lead to neurodegeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of Ubiquitinated Protein Aggregates by Autophagy
Serhiy Pankiv,Terje Høyvarde Clausen,Trond Lamark,Andreas Brech,Jack-Ansgar Bruun,Heidi Outzen,Aud Øvervatn,Geir Bjørkøy,Terje Johansen +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the previously reported aggresome-like induced structures containing ubiquitinated proteins in cytosolic bodies are dependent on p62 for their formation and p62 is required both for the formation and the degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies by autophagy.
Book
Isolation and characterization
TL;DR: Animal Models and Therapy, Directed Differentiation and Characterization of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapy, and Use of Differentiating Embryonics Stem cells in the Parkinsonian Mouse Model are reviewed.