Autophagy: process and function
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TLDR
In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophileagy is discussed in a process-based manner.Abstract:
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Despite its simplicity, recent progress has demonstrated that autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles, which are sometimes complex. Autophagy consists of several sequential steps--sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation, and utilization of degradation products--and each step may exert different function. In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophagy is discussed in a process-based manner.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The C. elegans LC3 Acts Downstream of GABARAP to Degrade Autophagosomes by Interacting with the HOPS Subunit VPS39
Marion Manil-Ségalen,Christophe Lefebvre,Céline Jenzer,Michael Trichet,Claire Boulogne,Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre,Renaud Legouis +6 more
TL;DR: The duplications of Atg8 in metazoans allowed the acquisition of specialized functions for autophagosome maturation, and genetic analyses sustain a sequential implication of LGG-1, L GG-2, RAB-7, and HOPS complex to generate autolysosomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atg14 and UVRAG: mutually exclusive subunits of mammalian Beclin 1-PI3K complexes.
Eisuke Itakura,Noboru Mizushima +1 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the Vps34-Beclin 1 complex has at least two distinct functions, which can be promoted by its binding partners Atg14 and UVRAG.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy in bone: Self-eating to stay in balance.
Valérie Pierrefite-Carle,Sabine Santucci-Darmanin,Véronique Breuil,Olivier Camuzard,Georges F. Carle +4 more
TL;DR: The recent literature is reviewed to highlight the autophagy role in the different bone cell types, i.e., osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, and the effects of autophile modulators in bone physiology and of bone anabolic compounds in Autophagy are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intracellular vesicle acidification promotes maturation of infectious poliovirus particles.
TL;DR: It is found that this degradation is not required to promote poliovirus replication, and it is suggested that particle assembly, genome encapsidation, and virion maturation may occur in a cellular compartment, and the acidic mature autophagosome is proposed as a candidate vesicle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy Is Induced by UVA and Promotes Removal of Oxidized Phospholipids and Protein Aggregates in Epidermal Keratinocytes
Yi Zhao,Chengfeng Zhang,Heidemarie Rossiter,Leopold Eckhart,Ulrich König,Susanne Karner,Michael Mildner,Valery N. Bochkov,Erwin Tschachler,Florian Gruber +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that both UVA and UVA-oxidized phospholipids induced autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes, and Nrf2-dependent genes was elevated inAutophagy is crucial for both the degradation of proteins and lipids modified by environmental UV stress and for limiting NRF2 activity in keratinocyte.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing
Yukiko Kabeya,Noboru Mizushima,Noboru Mizushima,Takashi Ueno,Akitsugu Yamamoto,Takayoshi Kirisako,Takayoshi Kirisako,Takeshi Noda,Takeshi Noda,Eiki Kominami,Yoshinori Ohsumi,Yoshinori Ohsumi,Tamotsu Yoshimori,Tamotsu Yoshimori +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the rat microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of Apg8p essential for autophagy in yeast, is associated to the autophagosome membranes after processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development by Self-Digestion: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Functions of Autophagy
Beth Levine,Daniel J. Klionsky +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular machinery of autophagy and the role of the autophagic machinery in eukaryotic development and identifies a set of evolutionarily conserved genes that are essential forAutophagy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice
Taichi Hara,Kenji Nakamura,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Akitsugu Yamamoto,Yohko Nakahara,Rika Suzuki-Migishima,Minesuke Yokoyama,Kenji Mishima,Ichiro Saito,Hideyuki Okano,Noboru Mizushima +12 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the continuous clearance of diffuse cytosolic proteins through basal autophagy is important for preventing the accumulation of abnormal proteins, which can disrupt neural function and ultimately lead to neurodegeneration.
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p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of Ubiquitinated Protein Aggregates by Autophagy
Serhiy Pankiv,Terje Høyvarde Clausen,Trond Lamark,Andreas Brech,Jack-Ansgar Bruun,Heidi Outzen,Aud Øvervatn,Geir Bjørkøy,Terje Johansen +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the previously reported aggresome-like induced structures containing ubiquitinated proteins in cytosolic bodies are dependent on p62 for their formation and p62 is required both for the formation and the degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies by autophagy.
Book
Isolation and characterization
TL;DR: Animal Models and Therapy, Directed Differentiation and Characterization of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapy, and Use of Differentiating Embryonics Stem cells in the Parkinsonian Mouse Model are reviewed.