Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions
TLDR
Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects and may open new insights in the near future.Abstract:
This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; analyzed characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the grafts; and provided explanations about bone-tissue engineering technologies. Many bone grafting materials are available to enhance bone healing and regeneration, from bone autografts to graft substitutes; they can be used alone or in combination. Autografts are the gold standard for this purpose, since they provide osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold, all essential for new bone growth. Autografts carry the limitations of morbidity at the harvesting site and limited availability. Allografts and xenografts carry the risk of disease transmission and rejection. Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects. The combined use of scaffolds, healing promoting factors, together with gene therapy, and, more recently, three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered constructs may open new insights in the near future.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions.
Angelo S. Mao,David J. Mooney +1 more
TL;DR: Developments in fabricating sophisticated grafts and tissue mimics and technologies for integrating grafts with host vasculature will be discussed, and directions for current and future regenerative medicine therapies are proposed.
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Biofabrication of bone tissue: approaches, challenges and translation for bone regeneration.
TL;DR: This review highlights the current research in bone biofabrication, the necessary factors for success, in addition to the current limitations affecting biofabricsation, some of which are a consequence of the limitations of the additive manufacturing technology itself.
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Bioactive hydrogels for bone regeneration.
TL;DR: This review will focus on the applications of various cutting-edge bioactive hydrogels systems in bone regeneration, as well as their advantages and limitations, and classify recently developed polymeric materials for hydrogel synthesis.
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Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration
TL;DR: This review focuses on the relationship between the porosity and pore size of scaffolds and subsequent osteogenesis, vascularisation and scaffold degradation during bone regeneration.
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Hyperelastic “bone”: A highly versatile, growth factor–free, osteoregenerative, scalable, and surgically friendly biomaterial
Adam E. Jakus,Alexandra L. Rutz,Sumanas W. Jordan,Abhishek Kannan,Sean M. Mitchell,Chawon Yun,Katie D. Koube,Sung C. Yoo,Herbert E. Whiteley,Claus Peter Richter,Robert D. Galiano,Wellington K. Hsu,Stuart R. Stock,Erin L. Hsu,Ramille N. Shah +14 more
TL;DR: Hyperelastic “bone” did not elicit a negative immune response, became vascularized, quickly integrated with surrounding tissues, and rapidly ossified and supported new bone growth without the need for added biological factors, set it apart from many of the materials now available for bone repair.
References
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Current concerns regarding healing of bone defects
TL;DR: There are many natural and synthetic biomaterials, but it is very difficult to treat large bone defects, and finding a composite graft has been very difficult.
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