Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions
TLDR
Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects and may open new insights in the near future.Abstract:
This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; analyzed characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the grafts; and provided explanations about bone-tissue engineering technologies. Many bone grafting materials are available to enhance bone healing and regeneration, from bone autografts to graft substitutes; they can be used alone or in combination. Autografts are the gold standard for this purpose, since they provide osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold, all essential for new bone growth. Autografts carry the limitations of morbidity at the harvesting site and limited availability. Allografts and xenografts carry the risk of disease transmission and rejection. Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects. The combined use of scaffolds, healing promoting factors, together with gene therapy, and, more recently, three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered constructs may open new insights in the near future.read more
Citations
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Bioinspired mineralized collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
TL;DR: The state of the art of MCSs as tissue-engineered scaffolds for acceleration of bone repair is summarized, including their fabrication methods, critical factors for osteogenesis regulation, current opportunities and challenges in the future.
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Effectiveness of chitosan scaffold in skin, bone and cartilage healing
Ahmad Oryan,Sonia Sahvieh +1 more
TL;DR: This study has reviewed various forms of CS including hydrogels, sponges, films, and nanofiber membranes and attempted to clarify the controversies and conflicts regarding effectiveness of CS in the healing process.
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Bone Grafts and Substitutes in Dentistry: A Review of Current Trends and Developments.
TL;DR: Bone grafting is the only solution to reverse dental bone loss and is a well-accepted procedure required in one in every four dental implants as discussed by the authors, however, after tooth loss, bone resorption is irreversible, leaving the area without adequate bone volume for successful implant treatment.
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Bone tissue formation with human mesenchymal stem cells and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics: the local implication of osteoclasts and macrophages.
Anne-Laure Gamblin,Meadhbh Á. Brennan,Audrey Renaud,Hideo Yagita,Frédéric Lézot,Dominique Heymann,Valérie Trichet,Pierre Layrolle,Pierre Layrolle +8 more
TL;DR: Human mesenchymal stem cells positively influence the body foreign reaction by attracting circulating haematopoietic stem cells and inducing their differentiation into macrophages M1 and osteoclasts, thus favouring bone formation.
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: a powerful osteoinductive compound with non-negligible side effects and limitations.
TL;DR: This review represented the most important concepts and evidences regarding the role of BMPs on bone healing and regeneration from basic to clinical application.
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