Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance
Matthew T. G. Holden,Edward J. Feil,Jodi A. Lindsay,Sharon J. Peacock,Nicholas P. J. Day,Mark C. Enright,Timothy J. Foster,Catrin E. Moore,Laurence D. Hurst,Rebecca Atkin,Andrew Barron,Nathalie Bason,Stephen D. Bentley,Carol Chillingworth,Tracey Chillingworth,Carol Churcher,Louise Clark,Craig Corton,Ann Cronin,Jon Doggett,Linda Dowd,Theresa Feltwell,Zahra Hance,Barbara Harris,Heidi Hauser,S. Holroyd,Kay Jagels,Keith D. James,Nicola Lennard,Alexandra Line,Rebecca Mayes,Sharon Moule,Karen Mungall,Douglas Ormond,Michael A. Quail,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Kim Rutherford,Mandy Sanders,Sarah Sharp,Mark Simmonds,K. Stevens,Sally Whitehead,Bart Barrell,Brian G. Spratt,Julian Parkhill +44 more
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TLDR
The crucial role that accessory elements play in the rapid evolution of S. aureus is clearly illustrated by comparing the MSSA476 genome with that of an extremely closely related MRSA community-acquired strain; the differential distribution of large mobile elements carrying virulence and drug-resistance determinants may be responsible for the clinically important phenotypic differences in these strains.Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen. Its genetic plasticity has facilitated the evolution of many virulent and drug-resistant strains, presenting a major and constantly changing clinical challenge. We sequenced the ≈2.8-Mbp genomes of two disease-causing S. aureus strains isolated from distinct clinical settings: a recent hospital-acquired representative of the epidemic methicillin-resistant S. aureus EMRSA-16 clone (MRSA252), a clinically important and globally prevalent lineage; and a representative of an invasive community-acquired methicillin-susceptible S. aureus clone (MSSA476). A comparative-genomics approach was used to explore the mechanisms of evolution of clinically important S. aureus genomes and to identify regions affecting virulence and drug resistance. The genome sequences of MRSA252 and MSSA476 have a well conserved core region but differ markedly in their accessory genetic elements. MRSA252 is the most genetically diverse S. aureus strain sequenced to date: ≈6% of the genome is novel compared with other published genomes, and it contains several unique genetic elements. MSSA476 is methicillin-susceptible, but it contains a novel Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC) mec-like element (designated SCC476), which is integrated at the same site on the chromosome as SCCmec elements in MRSA strains but encodes a putative fusidic acid resistance protein. The crucial role that accessory elements play in the rapid evolution of S. aureus is clearly illustrated by comparing the MSSA476 genome with that of an extremely closely related MRSA community-acquired strain; the differential distribution of large mobile elements carrying virulence and drug-resistance determinants may be responsible for the clinically important phenotypic differences in these strains.read more
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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic.
Michael Z. David,Robert S. Daum +1 more
TL;DR: This review details the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection and addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Binh An Diep,Binh An Diep,Steven R. Gill,Richard F. Chang,Richard F. Chang,Tiffany HaiVan Phan,Jason H. Chen,Matthew G. Davidson,Felice Lin,Jessica Lin,Heather A. Carleton,Emmanuel F. Mongodin,George F. Sensabaugh,Francoise Perdreau-Remington +13 more
TL;DR: The most striking feature of the USA300 genome is the horizontal acquisition of a novel mobile genetic element that encodes an arginine deiminase pathway and an oligopeptide permease system that could contribute to growth and survival of USA300.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance
TL;DR: The characteristics of the major types of mobile genetic elements involved in acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are outlined, focusing on the so-called ESKAPEE group of organisms, which have become the most problematic hospital pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insights on Evolution of Virulence and Resistance from the Complete Genome Analysis of an Early Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain and a Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain
Steven R. Gill,Derrick E. Fouts,Gordon L. Archer,Emmanuel F. Mongodin,Robert T. DeBoy,Jacques Ravel,Ian T. Paulsen,James F. Kolonay,Lauren M. Brinkac,Mauren Beanan,Robert J. Dodson,Sean C. Daugherty,R. Madupu,Samuel V. Angiuoli,A. Scott Durkin,Daniel H. Haft,Jessica Vamathevan,H. Khouri,T. Utterback,Chris Lee,George Dimitrov,Lingxia Jiang,Haiying Qin,Jan Weidman,Kevin Tran,Kathy Kang,Ioana R. Hance,Karen E. Nelson,Claire M. Fraser +28 more
TL;DR: Gene transfer between staphylococci and low-GC-content gram-positive bacteria appears to have shaped their virulence and resistance profiles, and overall differences in pathogenicity can be attributed to genome islands in S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSA
Rong Wang,Kevin R. Braughton,Dorothee Kretschmer,Thanh-Huy L. Bach,Shu Y. Queck,Min Li,Adam D. Kennedy,David W. Dorward,Seymour J. Klebanoff,Andreas Peschel,Frank R. DeLeo,Michael Otto +11 more
TL;DR: A previously uncharacterized set of S. aureus virulence factors are revealed that account at least in part for the enhanced virulence of CA-MRSA.
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