Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The anatomy of Continental Flood Basalt Provinces: geological constraints on the processes and products of flood volcanism
Dougal A. Jerram,Mike Widdowson +1 more
TL;DR: The internal facies architecture and structure, duration of volcanism, epeirogenetic uplift associated with CFBPs, and the potential environmental impacts of three intensely studied CFBP (the Parana-Etendeka, Deccan Traps and North Atlantic Igneous Province) were examined in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Petrological evidence for secular cooling in mantle plumes
Claude Herzberg,Esteban Gazel +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the MgO and FeO contents of Galapagos-related lavas and their primary magmas have decreased since the Cretaceous period, and this is interpreted to reflect episodic flow from lower-mantle domains that are lithologically and geochemically heterogeneous.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nd‐Sr‐Pb isotopic variations along the Gulf of Aden: Evidence for Afar Mantle Plume‐Continental Lithosphere Interaction
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the rare earth and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic composition of basalts dredged along the Sheba Ridge axis in the Gulf of Aden and its extension into the gulf of Tadjoura and subaerial basalts from the Ardoukoba Rift in east Afar.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Reunion plume head
Steven C. Cande,Dave R. Stegman +1 more
TL;DR: The recognition of this plume force has substantial tectonic implications: the speed-up and slowdown of India, the possible cessation of convergence between Africa and Eurasia in the Palaeocene epoch and the enigmatic bends of the fracture zones on the Southwest Indian Ridge can all be attributed to the Réunion plume.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterisation of a plume-related ∼ 800 Ma magmatic event and its implications for basin formation in central-southern Australia
TL;DR: Geochemical and Nd isotopic studies are reported for widespread Late Proterozoic (approximately 800 Ma) mafic dyke swarms and volcanics in central-southern Australia as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
Related Papers (5)
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more