Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genesis and evolution of the South Atlantic volcanic islands offshore Brazil
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the origin and evolution of the volcanic islands offshore Brazil in continental, transitional, and oceanic crust settings, including volcanic build-ups, leaking fracture zones, and hotspots.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Simple Petrologic Model for the Generation of Deccan Trap Magmas
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how tholeiitic, carbonatitic, and alkaline magmas all could have been produced from volatile-bearing mantle lherzolite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Timing and origin of magmatism in the Sverdrup Basin, Northern Canada—Implications for lithospheric evolution in the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP)
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated geochemical and geochronological study is presented to better constrain the initiation and evolution of magma genesis in the Canadian HALIP, and the authors suggest that the early 128-120-Ma tholeiitic event is primarily plume-generated and correlates across the circum-Arctic with the other HALIP tholeite formations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global distribution of the HIMU end member: Formation through Archean plume-lid tectonics
Stephan Homrighausen,Kaj Hoernle,Kaj Hoernle,Folkmar Hauff,Jörg Geldmacher,Jo-Anne Wartho,Paul van den Bogaard,Dieter Garbe-Schönberg +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new major and trace element, Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope and geochronological data from the Walvis Ridge and Richardson Seamount in the South Atlantic Ocean and the Manihiki Plateau and Eastern Chatham Rise in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two- and three-dimensional gravity modeling along western continental margin and intraplate Narmada-Tapti rifts: Its relevance to Deccan flood basalt volcanism
TL;DR: In this article, three-dimensional gravity modeling of +70mgal Bouguer gravity highs extending in the north-south direction along the western continental margin rift indicates the presence of a subsurface high density, mafic-ultramafic type, elongated, roughly ellipsoidal body.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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