Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Buoyant decompression melting: A possible mechanism for intraplate volcanism
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used numerical models of buoyant melting in a layer that is initially at its melting temperature over some depth range to determine the duration and amount of melting in upwellings which organize from an initially small, random perturbation for a range of model parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fluid dynamics of plume-ridge and plume-plate interactions: An experimental investigation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the dynmics of plume-ridge and plumeplate interaction using laboratory experiments and find that the spreading of a continuously fed plume beneath a fixed plate is described by a simple expression derived from a balance between plume buoyancy and viscous resistance to spreading.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of mantle heat source distribution on supercontinent stability
Julian P. Lowman,Gary T. Jarvis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional Cartesian geometry numerical model is used to study the influence of internal heating on the ability of mantle convection to rift and disperse an assembled supercontinent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Post break-up tectonic inversion across the southwestern cape of South Africa: new insights from apatite and zircon fission track thermochronometry
Mark Wildman,Roderick Brown,Ronald T. Watkins,Andrew Carter,Andrew J.W. Gleadow,Michael A. Summerfield +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the onshore geomorphic and tectonic response to rifting and breakup, with a specific focus on the SW Cape of South Africa, and derived robust thermal histories that record two discrete phases of accelerated erosional cooling during the Early Cretaceous (150-130 Ma) and Late Cetaceous (100-80 Ma) respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolution of the mantle's chemical structure
Ian H. Campbell,R.W. Griffiths +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal boundary layer above the core consisted mainly of depleted mantle similar to the present MORB source during the Archaean and this was largely replaced between 2.7 and 2.0 billion years ago by enriched mantle to form the OIB source.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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