Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Do Olivine Crystallization Temperatures Faithfully Record Mantle Temperature Variability
Simon Matthews,Simon Matthews,Kevin Wong,Kevin Wong,Oliver Shorttle,Marie Edmonds,John Maclennan +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-lithology melting model was developed for predicting crystallization temperatures of magmas in both intra-plate volcanic provinces and mid-ocean ridges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fossil subduction zone origin for magmas in the Ferrar Large Igneous Province, Antarctica: Evidence from PGE and Os isotope systematics in the Basement Sill of the McMurdo Dry Valleys
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the PGE and Os-isotopic data for the Basement Sill in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, a part of the Ferrar large igneous province (FLIP) in Antarctica.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conditions for plumes to penetrate the mantle phase boundaries
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the conditions for rising plumes either to penetrate and pass the spinel-perovskite phase boundary or to stick and spread below it by studying the fundamental physics of this process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lead isotope constraints on the mantle sources involved in the genesis of Mesozoic high-Ti tholeiite dykes (Urubici type) from the São Francisco Craton (Southern Espinhaço, Brazil)
Leila Soares Marques,Eduardo R.V. Rocha-Júnior,Marly Babinski,Karine Zuccolan Carvas,Liliane Aparecida Petronilho,Angelo De Min De Min +5 more
TL;DR: The first results of Pb isotope compositions of the high-Ti Mesozoic dykes of the Southern Espinhaco are presented in this paper, where the results do not show large variations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Petrology and geochemistry of xenoliths in lamprophyres from the Deccan Traps; implications for the nature of the deep crust boundary in western India
A. G. Dessai,Orlando Vaselli +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have shown that the lower crust of the western Deccan Traps is dominated by mafic granulites and pyroxenites, which are porphyroclastic, xenomorphic to meta-igneous.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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