Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for an age progression along the Tristan-Gough volcanic track from new 40Ar/39Ar ages on phenocryst phases
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented new laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar ages of mineral separates from samples from the Tristan-Gough volcanic track and the Rio Grande Rise.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bathymetry of Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean: Implications for ocean plateau development at a triple junction
TL;DR: The authors constructed a bathymetry map of Shatsky rise, a large Pacific plateau, combining multibeam and wide-beam echosounder data from 87 cruises and U.S. Navy multi-beam contours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural features and shear-velocity structure of the “Pacific Anomaly”
Yumei He,Yumei He,Lianxing Wen +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, structural features and shear-velocity structure of a low velocity anomaly in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific (the "Pacific Anomaly") were constrained on the basis of forward travel time and waveform modeling of the observed direct S, Sdiff, ScS, SKS, and SKKS phases sampling a great arc across the anomaly from eastern Eurasia to southern South America.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Eulerian technique for thermomechanical modeling of lithospheric extension
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional Eulerian spline function finite element method for modeling the coupled thermomechanical processes which control lithospheric extension is presented and a set of sample case studies is presented which highlights the capabilities and possible applications of the method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crustal thickness constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Galapagos volcanic province
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a simple quantitative framework based on crustal thickness estimations along the Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelo ridges, to place first-order constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Galapagos Volcanic Province and on the along-axis intensity of the GHS during the last 20 m.y.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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