Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genesis and geodynamic significance of Mesoproterozoic and Early Cretaceous tholeiitic dyke swarms from the São Francisco craton (Brazil)
A. Rosset,A. De Min,Leila Soares Marques,Moacir José Buenano Macambira,Marcia Ernesto,Paul R. Renne,E.M. Piccirillo +6 more
TL;DR: The eastern border of the Sao Francisco craton is characterized by widespread Mesoproterozoic tholeiitic dykes and minor analogues of Early Cretaceous age (∼130 ǫ) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating Curie Point Depth and Heat Flow Map for Northern Red Sea Rift of Egypt and Its Surroundings, from Aeromagnetic Data
TL;DR: In this article, a spectral analysis technique was used to estimate the boundaries (top and bottom) of the magnetized crust of the Red Sea rift from 112 overlapping blocks, ranging from 5 to 20 km.
Journal ArticleDOI
Petrogenesis of the southern Qiangtang mafic dykes, Tibet: Link to a late Paleozoic mantle plume on the northern margin of Gondwana?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented 13 new U-Pb zircon ages obtained by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (LA-ICP-MS) together with whole-rock geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic and zircons Hf isotopic data for a mafic dike swarm in the southern Qiangtang area of Tibet, which provided the basis for a new model of the late Paleozoic evolution of the Tethys.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plume generation in natural thermal convection at high Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study natural thermal convection of a fluid (corn syrup) with a large Prandtl number (10(3)-10(7) and temperature-dependent viscosity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motion of the Easter hot spot relative to Hawaii and Louisville hot spots
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple numerical model of hot spot motion due to large-scale mantle flow is applied to the Easter, Hawaii and Louisville hot spots, and it is shown that a westward motion of the Easter hot spot at several cm per year relative to Hawaii andLouis hot spots is a robust result for a large range of model parameters.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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