Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochemical characteristics of lavas from Broken Ridge, the Naturaliste Plateau and southernmost Kerguelen Plateau: Cretaceous plateau volcanism in the southeast Indian Ocean☆
John J. Mahoney,W.B. Jones,Frederick A. Frey,Vincent J. M. Salters,Douglas G. Pyle,Hugh L Davies +5 more
TL;DR: Isotopic and incompatible-element ratios of the plateau lavas are distinct from those of Indian mid-ocean ridge basalts; their Nd, Sr, 207Pb 204Pb and 208Pb204Pb isotopic ratios overlap with but cover a much wider range than measured for more recent oceanic products of the Kerguelen hotspot (including the Ninetyeast Ridge) or, indeed, oceanic lavas from any other hotspot in the world as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lithospheric to asthenospheric transition in Low-Ti flood basalts from southern Paraná, Brazil
TL;DR: In this paper, two geochemically distinct Low-Ti magma types (Gramado and Esmeralda) are distinguished within the flood basalt sequences of southern Parana on the basis of certain element abundances and ratios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond the thermal plume paradigm
Cinzia G. Farnetani,Henri Samuel +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the surface expression of some thermo-chemical plumes may be a headless, age-progressive volcanic chain, and calculated S-wave velocity anomalies are consistent with recent plume tomographic images, showing that compositional heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle favour the coexistence of a great variety of plume shapes and sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coeval Large-Scale Magmatism in the Kalahari and Laurentian Cratons During Rodinia Assembly
Richard E. Hanson,James L. Crowley,Samuel A. Bowring,Jahandar Ramezani,Wulf A. Gose,Ian W. D. Dalziel,Ian W. D. Dalziel,James A. Pancake,Emily K. Seidel,Thomas G. Blenkinsop,Joshua Mukwakwami +10 more
TL;DR: Widespread intraplate magmatism during Rodinia assembly shows that mantle upwellings required to generate such provinces may occur independently of the supercontinent cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plate tectonics and hotspots: the third dimension.
TL;DR: High-resolution seismic tomographic models of the upper mantle provide powerful new constraints on theories of plate tectonics and hotspots and high-velocity regions of theupper 200 kilometers of the mantle correlate with Archean cratons.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
Related Papers (5)
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more