Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generation of Deccan Trap magmas
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum magma residence times were calculated based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity of different chambers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mid-Miocene propagation of the Yellowstone mantle plume head beneath the Columbia River basalt source region
TL;DR: The mid-Miocene distortion of the Yellowstone mantle plume head against the Precambrian margin of North America is represented by the Columbia River flood-basalt volcanism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plate tectonics, flood basalts and the evolution of Earth’s oceans
TL;DR: The chemical composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) indicates that the present-day thermal budget of Earth is likely to be characterized by a significant excess of surface heat loss over internal heat generation, indicating an important role of secular cooling in Earth's history as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subsidence and growth of Pacific Cretaceous plateaus
Garrett Ito,Peter D. Clift +1 more
TL;DR: The Ontong Java, Manihiki and Shatsky oceanic plateaus are among the Earth's largest igneous provinces and are commonly believed to have erupted rapidly during the surfacing of giant heads of initiating mantle plumes as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catastrophic overturn of the Earth's mantle driven by multiple phase changes and internal heat generation
TL;DR: The effects of phase changes and strong internal heat generation may combine to bring about brief, but extremely intense episodes of rapid thermal convection in the Earth's mantle as discussed by the authors, which has been hypothesized to give rise to an intense episode of intra-plate volcanism.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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