Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Paleomagnetic constraints on the structure of the Deccan traps
D. Vandamme,Vincent Courtillot +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the Deccan magnetostratigraphic model was used to test the simple normal-reversed-normal (NRN) magnetostrigraphic models and reveal the large-scale topography of the RN boundary, which is an isochron.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Earth differentiation: Consequences for the chemical structure of the mantle
TL;DR: For example, the Earth's mantle is much less differentiated chemically compared to the mantle of the Moon and perhaps Mars as mentioned in this paper, which may explain the relatively undifferentiated nature of the Earth mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Southeast Baffin volcanic margin and the North American-Greenland plate separation
Laurent Geoffroy,Jean-Paul Callot,Stéphane Scaillet,Andrew G. Skuce,Jean-Pierre Gelard,M. Ravilly,J. Angelier,B. Bonin,C. Cayet,K. Perrot,C. Lepvrier +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, a tectonically-driven seaward crustal flexure is linked to definitive plate breakup between Greenland and Baffin Island during the Eocene, coeval with the formation of the upper part of the exposed seaward dipping volcanic prism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crustally-derived granites in the Panzhihua region, SW China: Implications for felsic magmatism in the Emeishan large igneous province
TL;DR: In the Panxi region of the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) there is a bimodal assemblage of mafic and felsic plutonic rocks as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating crustal contamination in continental basalts: the isotopic composition of the Picture Gorge Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group
TL;DR: The Picture Gorge Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group erupted through Paleozoic and Mesozoic oceanic accreted terranes in central Oregon, and earlier studies on these basalts provided no isotopic evidence for crustal contamination as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more