Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gondwana: Its shape, size and position from Cambrian toTriassic times
TL;DR: The most recent apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) based on high quality palaeomagnetic data are incompatible with the distributions of corals, tillites and the Clarkeia shelly fauna of Silurian age as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple mantle upwellings in the transition zone beneath the northern East-African Rift system from relative P-wave travel-time tomography
Chiara Civiero,James Hammond,Saskia Goes,Stewart Fishwick,Abdulhakim Ahmed,Atalay Ayele,Cécile Doubre,Berhe Goitom,Derek Keir,J. Michael Kendall,Sylvie Leroy,Ghebrebrhan Ogubazghi,Georg Rümpker,Graham Stuart +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a travel-time tomography model for the northern East-African, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden rifts and its surrounding areas, showing evidence of two clusters of low-velocity structures with diameter of 100-200 km.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geological Constraints on the Origin of the Mantle Root beneath the Canadian Shield
TL;DR: The preferential development of the mantle root is consistent with an origin by imbrication of partly subducted slabs of highly depleted oceanic lithosphere, assuming that buoyant subduction was more common in the Archaean as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lithosphere thickness controls the extent of mantle melting, depth of melt extraction and basalt compositions in all tectonic settings on Earth - A review and new perspectives
Yaoling Niu,Yaoling Niu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that it is the lithosphere thickness, not TMP, that controls the extent and pressure of mantle melting and basalt compositions. But, this model is not applicable to the case of basaltic plate tectonic models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Tertiary seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies and paleo-propagators in the northern Arabian Sea
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic lineations are observed to have been segmented mainly by oblique offsets representing the pseudofaults associated with 11 major paleo-propagating ridges.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
Related Papers (5)
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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