Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rifting between India and Madagascar – mechanism and isostasy
Shyam Chand,C. Subrahmanyam +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have examined the possible mechanism for the rift-flank uplifts using a process-oriented approach of backstripping the sediments along a traverse across the WCMI and reconstructing the original rift flank topography by flexurally backstacking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rift-related Jurassic basaltic phreatomagmatic volcanism in the central Transantarctic Mountains : precursory stage to flood-basalt effusion
TL;DR: A record of the volcano-tectonic events leading to formation of this continental flood-basalt province is provided by strata underlying and only slightly predating the Kirkpatrick lavas as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochronology of the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province
TL;DR: The Parana-Etendeka continental flood basalts correspond to a voluminous and short magmatic event that erupted during the Early Cretaceous in southwestern Gondwana, predating its breakup as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Jurassic plume-origin ophiolites in Japan: accreted fragments of oceanic plateaus
TL;DR: In this article, the authors divided the Mikabu and Sorachi ophiolitic complexes into depleted (D-) and enriched (E-) types, and found that the D-type rocks contain highly magnesian olivine phenocrysts up to Fo93.5, and their Fo-NiO trend indicates fractional crystallization from a high-MgO primary magma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recycled crust in the Galápagos Plume source at 70 Ma: Implications for plume evolution
Jarek Trela,Christopher Vidito,Esteban Gazel,Claude Herzberg,Cornelia Class,William Whalen,Brian R. Jicha,Michael Bizimis,Guillermo E. Alvarado +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide new 40Ar/39Ar ages, major and trace element data, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions, and high-precision olivine analyses for samples from the Quepos terrane (Costa Rica) to closely examine the transitional phase of the Galapagos Plume from Large Igneous Province (LIP) to ocean island basalt (OIB) forming stages.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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