Journal ArticleDOI
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails
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TLDR
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes, thought to result from deep mantle plumes.Abstract:
Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stability of hydrous silicate at high pressures and water transport to the deep lower mantle
Masayuki Nishi,Masayuki Nishi,Tetsuo Irifune,Tetsuo Irifune,Jun Tsuchiya,Jun Tsuchiya,Yoshinori Tange,Yoshinori Tange,Yu Nishihara,Kiyoshi Fujino,Yuji Higo +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, in situ X-ray measurements in conjunction with a multi-anvil apparatus show that hydrous phases of magnesium-rich silicate are stable under lower mantle conditions up to 50 GPa, and may transport water to deeper layers of the mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Petrology and geochemistry of crustally contaminated komatiitic basalts from the Vetreny Belt, southeastern Baltic Shield: Evidence for an early Proterozoic mantle plume beneath rifted Archean continental lithosphere
Igor S. Puchtel,Karsten M. Haase,A. W. Hofmann,Catherine Chauvel,V. S. Kulikov,Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg,Alexander A. Nemchin +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented new isotope and trace element data for komatiitic basalts and a related peridotite Vinela Dike from the Vetreny Belt in the southeastern Baltic Shield.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crustal Architecture of the Cascadia Forearc
Anne M. Tréhu,I. Asudeh,Thomas M. Brocher,James H. Luetgert,Walter D. Mooney,J. Nabelek,Yosio Nakamura +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the strength of the forearc crust increases as the thickness of the accreted terrane increases and that the geometry of the seaward edge of this terrane influences deformation within the subduction complex and controls the amount of sediment that is deeply subducted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The sublithospheric mantle as the source of continental flood basalts; the case against the continental lithosphere and plume head reservoirs
Book ChapterDOI
The Ontong Java Plateau
TL;DR: The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is the largest of the world's large igneous provinces and formed entirely in an oceanic environment as mentioned in this paper, however, it is not known when the OJP was formed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
Robert S. White,Dan McKenzie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the production of magmatically active rifted margins and the effusion of flood basalts onto the adjacent continents can be explained by a simple model of rifting above a thermal anomaly in the underlying mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere
Dan McKenzie,Mike J. Bickle +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
Book ChapterDOI
Plate Motions and Deep Mantle Convection
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme of deep mantle convection is proposed in which narrow plumes of deep material rise and then spread out radially in the asthenosphere, and thus their strikes show the direction the plates were moving as they were formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary?
Vincent Courtillot,Jean Besse,Didier Vandamme,Raymond Montigny,Jean-Jacques Jaeger,Henri Cappetta +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Deccan continental flood basalts in India have been considered and it was suggested that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma.
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Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
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