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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990–1998

TLDR
The proportion of new cases of HIV dementia with a CD4 count in a higher range since 1996 may be increasing, and the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be responsible.
Abstract
This study examined the temporal trends in the incidence rates of HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and CNS lymphoma from January 1990 to December 1998 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The incidence rates for HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, and lymphoma decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The proportion of new cases of HIV dementia with a CD4 count in a higher range (i.e., 201 to 350) since 1996 may be increasing.

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Detection of anti-tat antibodies in CSF of individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

TL;DR: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is developed and measured anti-Tat antibody titers in CSF of a well characterized cohort of 52 HIV-infected and 13 control individuals, finding that this robust immune response against the protein may be neuroprotective.
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Pathological findings in the central nervous system of AIDS patients on assumed antiretroviral therapeutic regimens: retrospective study of 1597 autopsies

TL;DR: These neuropathological data from a large autopsy series confirm clinical observations concerning the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment in reducing the frequency of HIV-related CNS lesions in AIDS patients.
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Impaired performance on a rhesus monkey neuropsychological testing battery following simian immunodeficiency virus infection

TL;DR: The results further demonstrate the similarity of behavioral impairment produced by SIV and HIV on homologous behavioral tests, and establish the utility of the testing battery for further investigations into the CNS mechanisms of the reported behavioral changes.
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Cognitive Neurorehabilitation of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Qualitative Review and Call to Action

TL;DR: This qualitative review summarizes and critiques the emerging literature on cognitive and behavioral treatments for HAND, which provides many reasons for optimism, but also has major limitations that underscore the scope of the work that lies ahead.
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Platelet-derived growth factor protects neurons against gp120-mediated toxicity

TL;DR: PDGF-BB could be considered as a therapeutic agent that can mitigate gp120-mediated neurotoxicity in HAD, and PDGF-mediated protection against gp120 involved the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
References
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Journal Article

Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks : united states, 1995-1996

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported a total of 22 waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational lake water, which caused an estimated total of 2,567 persons to become ill. No deaths were reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

The multicenter aids cohort study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants

TL;DR: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to elucidate the natural history of the infection causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), identify risk factors for occurrence and clinical expression of the virus, and establish a repository of biologic specimens for future study.
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Effectiveness of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy on Time to AIDS and Death in Men With Known HIV Infection Duration

TL;DR: In the calendar period when potent antiretroviral therapy was introduced, the time to development of AIDS and time to death were extended, and rate of CD4 cell count decline was arrested.
Journal ArticleDOI

Changing incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses in the era of antiretroviral combination therapy.

TL;DR: The incidence of AIDS-defining events in patients with advanced HIV infection at Frankfurt University Hospital has declined by more than 70% from 1992 to 1996, with a trend for malignancies and single opportunistic infections, with the exception of mycobacterial diseases.
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