Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity
Froukje J. Verdam,Susana Fuentes,Charlotte de Jonge,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Runi Erbil,Jan Greve,Wim A. Buurman,Willem M. de Vos,Sander S. Rensen +8 more
TLDR
The relationship between microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammation in nonobese and obese subjects was investigated and it was found that gut microbiota composition and inflammation are related to obesity.Abstract:
Objective
Intestinal microbiota have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. The relationship between microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammation in nonobese and obese subjects was investigated.
Design and Methods
Fecal microbiota composition of 28 subjects (BMI 18.6-60.3 kg m−2) was analyzed by a phylogenetic profiling microarray. Fecal calprotectin and plasma C-reactive protein levels were determined to evaluate intestinal and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, HbA1c, and plasma levels of transaminases and lipids were analyzed. Gastroduodenal, small intestinal, and colonic permeability were assessed by a multisaccharide test.
Results
Based on microbiota composition, the study population segregated into two clusters with predominantly obese (15/19) or exclusively nonobese (9/9) subjects. Whereas intestinal permeability did not differ between clusters, the obese cluster showed reduced bacterial diversity, a decreased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and an increased abundance of potential proinflammatory Proteobacteria. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin was only detectable in subjects within the obese microbiota cluster (n = 8/19, P = 0.02). Plasma C-reactive protein was also increased in these subjects (P = 0.0005), and correlated with the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio (rs = −0.41, P = 0.03).
Conclusions
Intestinal microbiota alterations in obese subjects are associated with local and systemic inflammation, suggesting that the obesity-related microbiota composition has a proinflammatory effect.read more
Citations
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Oscillospira - a candidate for the next-generation probiotics.
TL;DR: Oscillospira is a class of organism that often appears in high-throughput sequencing data but has not been purely cultured and is widely present in the animal and human intestines.
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Effect of diet on the intestinal microbiota and its activity.
E.G. Zoetendal,Willem M. de Vos +1 more
TL;DR: As microbiota correlations with human health and diet are generally based on baseline comparisons between populations, there is a need for dedicated dietary intervention studies in humans to differentiate between correlation and causality.
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Is It Time to Use Probiotics to Prevent or Treat Obesity
Andrea Brusaferro,Rita Cozzali,Ciriana Orabona,Anna Biscarini,Edoardo Farinelli,Elena Cavalli,Ursula Grohmann,Nicola Principi,Susanna Esposito +8 more
TL;DR: Control of the diet and environmental and life-style factors that favour obesity development remain the best solution to problems related to weight gain.
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Enteric dysbiosis-linked gut barrier disruption triggers early renal injury induced by chronic high salt feeding in mice
Jingjuan Hu,Haihua Luo,Jieyan Wang,Wenli Tang,Jun-Qi Lu,Shan Wu,Zhi Xiong,Guizhi Yang,Zhenguo Chen,Tian Lan,Hongwei Zhou,Jing Nie,Yong Jiang,Peng Chen +13 more
TL;DR: This work provides a novel insight into the mechanism of HS-induced renal injury by investigating the role of the intestine with enteric bacteria and gut permeability and clearly illustrates that chronic HS loading elicited renal injury and dysfunction that was dependent on the intestine.
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Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 Increases Bone Density in Intact Females Only under an Inflammatory Setting.
Fraser L. Collins,Regina Irwin,Hayley Bierhalter,Jonathan D. Schepper,Robert A. Britton,Narayanan Parameswaran,Laura R. McCabe +6 more
TL;DR: The data reveals a previously unappreciated effect of a mild surgical procedure causing a long-lasting effect on inflammatory gene expression in the gut and the bone and demonstrates that in intact female mice, the beneficial effect of L. reuteri on bone requires an elevated inflammatory status.
References
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Fredrik Bäckhed,Hao Ding,Hao Ding,Ting Wang,Lora V. Hooper,Gou Young Koh,Andras Nagy,Clay F. Semenkovich,Jeffrey I. Gordon +8 more
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TL;DR: MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance.