Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity
Froukje J. Verdam,Susana Fuentes,Charlotte de Jonge,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Runi Erbil,Jan Greve,Wim A. Buurman,Willem M. de Vos,Sander S. Rensen +8 more
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TLDR
The relationship between microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammation in nonobese and obese subjects was investigated and it was found that gut microbiota composition and inflammation are related to obesity.Abstract:
Objective
Intestinal microbiota have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. The relationship between microbiota composition, intestinal permeability, and inflammation in nonobese and obese subjects was investigated.
Design and Methods
Fecal microbiota composition of 28 subjects (BMI 18.6-60.3 kg m−2) was analyzed by a phylogenetic profiling microarray. Fecal calprotectin and plasma C-reactive protein levels were determined to evaluate intestinal and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, HbA1c, and plasma levels of transaminases and lipids were analyzed. Gastroduodenal, small intestinal, and colonic permeability were assessed by a multisaccharide test.
Results
Based on microbiota composition, the study population segregated into two clusters with predominantly obese (15/19) or exclusively nonobese (9/9) subjects. Whereas intestinal permeability did not differ between clusters, the obese cluster showed reduced bacterial diversity, a decreased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and an increased abundance of potential proinflammatory Proteobacteria. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin was only detectable in subjects within the obese microbiota cluster (n = 8/19, P = 0.02). Plasma C-reactive protein was also increased in these subjects (P = 0.0005), and correlated with the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio (rs = −0.41, P = 0.03).
Conclusions
Intestinal microbiota alterations in obese subjects are associated with local and systemic inflammation, suggesting that the obesity-related microbiota composition has a proinflammatory effect.read more
Citations
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Role of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism
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Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota
Francesca Cignarella,Claudia Cantoni,L Ghezzi,Amber Salter,Yair Dorsett,Lei Chen,Daniel S. Phillips,George M. Weinstock,Luigi Fontana,Anne H. Cross,Yanjiao Zhou,Laura Piccio +11 more
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Genetic and environmental control of host-gut microbiota interactions
Elin Org,Brian W. Parks,Jong Wha J. Joo,Benjamin L. Emert,William A. Schwartzman,Eun Yong Kang,Margarete Mehrabian,Calvin Pan,Rob Knight,Robert P. Gunsalus,Thomas A. Drake,Eleazar Eskin,Aldons J. Lusis +12 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that, in a controlled environment, the genetic background accounts for a substantial fraction of abundance of most common microbiota, and loci controlling microbiota composition are mapped and prioritized.
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Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota
TL;DR: Current research describing the role of the GI microbiota in the regulation of pulmonary immune responses is explored, with specific focus on how intestinal “dysbiosis” affects lung health.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ruth E. Ley,Fredrik Bäckhed,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Catherine A. Lozupone,Robin D. Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice, lean ob/+ and wild-type siblings, and their ob/+ mothers, all fed the same polysaccharide-rich diet, indicates that obesity affects the diversity of the gut microbiota and suggests that intentional manipulation of community structure may be useful for regulating energy balance in obese individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Fredrik Bäckhed,Hao Ding,Hao Ding,Ting Wang,Lora V. Hooper,Gou Young Koh,Andras Nagy,Clay F. Semenkovich,Jeffrey I. Gordon +8 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
Junjie Qin,Yingrui Li,Zhiming Cai,Shenghui Li,Jianfeng Zhu,Fan Zhang,Suisha Liang,Wenwei Zhang,Yuanlin Guan,Dongqian Shen,Yangqing Peng,Dongya Zhang,Zhuye Jie,Wenxian Wu,Youwen Qin,Wenbin Xue,Junhua Li,Lingchuan Han,Donghui Lu,Peixian Wu,Yali Dai,Xiaojuan Sun,Zesong Li,Aifa Tang,Shilong Zhong,Xiaoping Li,Weineng Chen,Ran Xu,Mingbang Wang,Qiang Feng,Meihua Gong,Jing Yu,Yanyan Zhang,Ming Zhang,Torben Hansen,Gaston Sanchez,Jeroen Raes,Gwen Falony,Shujiro Okuda,Mathieu Almeida,Emmanuelle Le-chatelier,Pierre Renault,Nicolas Pons,Jean-Michel Batto,Zhaoxi Zhang,Hua Chen,Ruifu Yang,Wei-Mou Zheng,Songgang Li,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Rasmus Nielsen,Oluf Pedersen,Oluf Pedersen,Karsten Kristiansen,Jun Wang +56 more
TL;DR: MGWAS analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes were characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis, a decrease in the abundance of some universal butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in various opportunistic pathogens, as well as an enrichment of other microbial functions conferring sulphate reduction and oxidative stress resistance.