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Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus

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TLDR
A critical role for lung ILCs in restoring airway epithelial integrity and tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus is demonstrated.
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a heterogeneous cell population, are critical in orchestrating immunity and inflammation in the intestine, but whether ILCs influence immune responses or tissue homeostasis at other mucosal sites remains poorly characterized. Here we identify a population of lung-resident ILCs in mice and humans that expressed the alloantigen Thy-1 (CD90), interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor a-chain (CD25), IL-7 receptor a-chain (CD127) and the IL-33 receptor subunit T1-ST2. Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of airway epithelial integrity, diminished lung function and impaired airway remodeling. These defects were restored by administration of the lung ILC product amphiregulin. Collectively, our results demonstrate a critical role for lung ILCs in restoring airway epithelial integrity and tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis

TL;DR: This Review provides a comprehensive overview of how IECs maintain host–commensal microbial relationships and immune cell homeostasis in the intestine.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system

TL;DR: These emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity are discussed, which are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set ofinflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.

Nicolas Vabret, +87 more
- 16 Jun 2020 - 
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI

The biology of innate lymphoid cells

TL;DR: This work summarizes the studies that formally identified innate lymphoid cells and highlights their emerging roles in controlling tissue homeostasis in the context of infection, chronic inflammation, metabolic disease and cancer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data

TL;DR: There is no obvious downside to using RMA and attaching a standard error (SE) to this quantity using a linear model which removes probe-specific affinities, and the exploratory data analyses of the probe level data motivate a new summary measure that is a robust multi-array average (RMA) of background-adjusted, normalized, and log-transformed PM values.
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Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease.

TL;DR: Recent advances have uncovered mechanisms by which the intestinal mucosal barrier is regulated in response to physiological and immunological stimuli, along with evidence that this regulation shapes mucosal immune responses in the gut and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity

TL;DR: The identification and functional characterization of a new innate type-2 immune effector leukocyte that is named the nuocyte is presented, which represents a critically important innate effector cell in type- 2 immunity.
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GenePattern 2.0.

TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable approach to personalized medicine that aims to provide real-time information about the immune system’s response to antibiotics and its role in promoting good lung function.
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