Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate
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TLDR
More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.Abstract:
While many studies have demonstrated the sensitivities of plants and of crop yield to a changing climate, a major challenge for the agricultural research community is to relate these findings to the broader societal concern with food security. This paper reviews the direct effects of climate on both crop growth and yield and on plant pests and pathogens and the interactions that may occur between crops, pests, and pathogens under changed climate. Finally, we consider the contribution that better understanding of the roles of pests and pathogens in crop production systems might make to enhanced food security. Evidence for the measured climate change on crops and their associated pests and pathogens is starting to be documented. Globally atmospheric [CO(2)] has increased, and in northern latitudes mean temperature at many locations has increased by about 1.0-1.4 degrees C with accompanying changes in pest and pathogen incidence and to farming practices. Many pests and pathogens exhibit considerable capacity for generating, recombining, and selecting fit combinations of variants in key pathogenicity, fitness, and aggressiveness traits that there is little doubt that any new opportunities resulting from climate change will be exploited by them. However, the interactions between crops and pests and pathogens are complex and poorly understood in the context of climate change. More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Change and Pathways Used by Pests as Challenges to Plant Health in Agriculture and Forestry
Maria Lodovica Gullino,Ramon Albajes,Ibrahim J. Al-Jboory,Francislene Angelotti,Subrata Chakraborty,Karen A. Garrett,Brett Phillip Hurley,P. Juroszek,Ralf Lopian,Khaled M. Makkouk,Xubin Pan,Massimo Pugliese,Tannecia S. Stephenson +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a review concludes that preventive mitigation and adaptation measures, including biosecurity, are key to reducing the projected increases in pest risk in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
Book ChapterDOI
Genetic Engineering for Tolerance to Climate Change-Related Traits
Ram C. Yadav,Amolkumar U. Solanke,Pardeep Kumar,Debasis Pattanayak,Neelam Yadav,P. Ananda Kumar +5 more
TL;DR: The target traits and potential genes for engineering stress tolerance in crop plants to meet climate change challenges for food production are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simulated elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature affect the severity of bean and pelargonium rust
TL;DR: The combined CO2 and temperature factors significantly influenced the severity of the rust caused by U. appendiculatus and Puccinia pelargonii–zonalis was observed to be more severe on pelargonium at the lowest tested temperatures, that is, between 14 and 22 °C, and a high CO2 regime was shown to significantly increase disease severity at such temperatures.
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Optimal Operation Research of Flood Retarding in Plain River Network Region
TL;DR: In this article, a one and two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model was established to simulate flood routing in the Hongze Lake area, and 15 different schemes involving different flood magnitudes and flood retarding operations were simulated.
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Small "Nested" Introgressions from Wild Thinopyrum Species, Conferring Effective Resistance to Fusarium Diseases, Positively Impact Durum Wheat Yield Potential.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the assessment of the breeding potential of six durum wheat-Thinopyrum spp. recombinant lines (RLs) obtained through chromosome engineering, characterized by having 23% or 28% of their 7AL chromosome arm replaced by a "nested" alien segment, composed of homoeologous group 7 chromosome fractions from Th. ponticum and Th. elongatum.
References
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