Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate
TLDR
More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.Abstract:
While many studies have demonstrated the sensitivities of plants and of crop yield to a changing climate, a major challenge for the agricultural research community is to relate these findings to the broader societal concern with food security. This paper reviews the direct effects of climate on both crop growth and yield and on plant pests and pathogens and the interactions that may occur between crops, pests, and pathogens under changed climate. Finally, we consider the contribution that better understanding of the roles of pests and pathogens in crop production systems might make to enhanced food security. Evidence for the measured climate change on crops and their associated pests and pathogens is starting to be documented. Globally atmospheric [CO(2)] has increased, and in northern latitudes mean temperature at many locations has increased by about 1.0-1.4 degrees C with accompanying changes in pest and pathogen incidence and to farming practices. Many pests and pathogens exhibit considerable capacity for generating, recombining, and selecting fit combinations of variants in key pathogenicity, fitness, and aggressiveness traits that there is little doubt that any new opportunities resulting from climate change will be exploited by them. However, the interactions between crops and pests and pathogens are complex and poorly understood in the context of climate change. More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Key challenges and priorities for modelling European grasslands under climate change
Richard P. Kipling,Perttu Virkajärvi,Laura Breitsameter,Yannick Curnel,Tom De Swaef,Anne-Maj Gustavsson,Sylvain Hennart,Mats Höglind,Kirsi Järvenranta,Julien Minet,Claas Nendel,Tomas Persson,Catherine Picon-Cochard,Susanne Rolinski,Daniel L. Sandars,Nigel D. Scollan,L.B.J. Sebek,Giovanna Seddaiu,Cairistiona F.E. Topp,Stanislaw Twardy,Jantine van Middelkoop,Lianhai Wu,Gianni Bellocchi +22 more
TL;DR: The challenges and priorities identified are intended to be a resource for grassland modellers and experimental researchers, to stimulate the development of new research directions and collaborative opportunities, and for policy-makers involved in shaping the research agenda for European grassland modelling under climate change.
BookDOI
Scientific review of the impact of climate change on plant pests: a global challenge to prevent and mitigate plant pest risks in agriculture, forestry and ecosystems.
M. L. Gullino,R. Albales,I Al-Jboory,F. Angelotti,Subrata Chakraborty,Karen A. Garrett,B. P. Hurley,P. Juroszek,K Makkouk,T. Stephenson +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a scientific review assesses the potential effects of climate change on plant pests and consequently on plant health, and the evidence assessed strongly indicates that climate change has already expanded some pests? host range and geographical distribution, and may further increase the risk of pest introduction to new areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant‐mediated effects of drought on aphid population structure and parasitoid attack
TL;DR: The potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore–antagonist interactions is demonstrated.
ReportDOI
Ch. 9: Human Health. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment
G. Luber,K. Knowlton,J. Balbus,H. Frumkin,Mary H. Hayden,J. Hess,M. McGeehin,N. Sheats,L. Backer,Charles B. Beard,Kristie L. Ebi,E. Maibach,Richard S. Ostfeld,Christine Wiedinmyer,Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez,L. Ziska +15 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: the first results of a global survey
TL;DR: In this article, a global survey was conducted to identify the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.
References
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