Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate
TLDR
More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.Abstract:
While many studies have demonstrated the sensitivities of plants and of crop yield to a changing climate, a major challenge for the agricultural research community is to relate these findings to the broader societal concern with food security. This paper reviews the direct effects of climate on both crop growth and yield and on plant pests and pathogens and the interactions that may occur between crops, pests, and pathogens under changed climate. Finally, we consider the contribution that better understanding of the roles of pests and pathogens in crop production systems might make to enhanced food security. Evidence for the measured climate change on crops and their associated pests and pathogens is starting to be documented. Globally atmospheric [CO(2)] has increased, and in northern latitudes mean temperature at many locations has increased by about 1.0-1.4 degrees C with accompanying changes in pest and pathogen incidence and to farming practices. Many pests and pathogens exhibit considerable capacity for generating, recombining, and selecting fit combinations of variants in key pathogenicity, fitness, and aggressiveness traits that there is little doubt that any new opportunities resulting from climate change will be exploited by them. However, the interactions between crops and pests and pathogens are complex and poorly understood in the context of climate change. More mechanistic inclusion of pests and pathogen effects in crop models would lead to more realistic predictions of crop production on a regional scale and thereby assist in the development of more robust regional food security policies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Context factors affecting design and operation of food safety management systems in the fresh produce chain
Klementina Kirezieva,Jessica Nanyunja,Liesbeth Jacxsens,J.G.A.J. van der Vorst,Mieke Uyttendaele,Pieternel A. Luning +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the major context factors that create risk to decision-making in FSMS in the fresh produce chain have been defined, and a tool was developed for their systematic analysis, enabling actors in fresh produce chains to take measures in their FSMS or reduce riskiness in the context.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systems biology perspective on plant–microbe interactions: Biochemical and structural targets of pathogen effectors
TL;DR: This review discusses the interaction of plant defences with microbial pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, and viruses, and proposes a systems-level framework for the interpretation and modelling of host-microbe interactions mediated by effectors.
Book ChapterDOI
Food, Nutrition and Agrobiodiversity Under Global Climate Change
TL;DR: Using transgene(s) has led to the development of transgenic events, which could provide enhanced adaptation to abiotic stresses that are exacerbated by climate change, and global warming is also associated with declining nutritional quality of food crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation
Peter R. Mills,Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz,Brian W Ilbery,Michael J. Jeger,Glyn Jones,Ruth Little,Alan MacLeod,Steve Parker,Marco Pautasso,Stéphane Pietravalle,Damian Maye +10 more
TL;DR: M Modes of effective engagement between policy makers and stakeholders are explored, together with an assessment of such engagement in two case studies of contemporary non-indigenous diseases in one food and in one non-food sector and a model is proposed for greater integration of stakeholders in policy decisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food self-sufficiency and natural hazards in China
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used agricultural production (rice, wheat, maize, tubers, soybeans, and other grains) and natural disaster data (floods and droughts) for 31 provinces in China for the period 1995-2008 to examine the selfsufficiency of China's domestic harvests.
References
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