Limitations in predicting the space radiation health risk for exploration astronauts.
Jeffery C. Chancellor,Rebecca S. Blue,Keith A. Cengel,Serena M. Auñón-Chancellor,Kathleen H. Rubins,Helmut G. Katzgraber,Helmut G. Katzgraber,Ann R. Kennedy +7 more
- Vol. 4, Iss: 1, pp 8-8
TLDR
In this paper, the authors highlight the numerous factors that limit understanding of the risk of space radiation for human crews and identify ways in which these limitations could be addressed for improved understanding and appropriate risk posture regarding future human spaceflight.Abstract:
Despite years of research, understanding of the space radiation environment and the risk it poses to long-duration astronauts remains limited. There is a disparity between research results and observed empirical effects seen in human astronaut crews, likely due to the numerous factors that limit terrestrial simulation of the complex space environment and extrapolation of human clinical consequences from varied animal models. Given the intended future of human spaceflight, with efforts now to rapidly expand capabilities for human missions to the moon and Mars, there is a pressing need to improve upon the understanding of the space radiation risk, predict likely clinical outcomes of interplanetary radiation exposure, and develop appropriate and effective mitigation strategies for future missions. To achieve this goal, the space radiation and aerospace community must recognize the historical limitations of radiation research and how such limitations could be addressed in future research endeavors. We have sought to highlight the numerous factors that limit understanding of the risk of space radiation for human crews and to identify ways in which these limitations could be addressed for improved understanding and appropriate risk posture regarding future human spaceflight.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration.
Ebrahim Afshinnekoo,Ryan T. Scott,Matthew MacKay,Eloise Pariset,Eloise Pariset,Egle Cekanaviciute,Richard Barker,Simon Gilroy,Duane C. Hassane,Scott M. Smith,Sara R. Zwart,Mayra Nelman-Gonzalez,Brian Crucian,S. A. Ponomarev,Oleg Orlov,Dai Shiba,Masafumi Muratani,Masayuki Yamamoto,Stephanie E. Richards,Parag Vaishampayan,Cem Meydan,Jonathan Foox,Jacqueline Myrrhe,Eric Istasse,Nitin Kumar Singh,Kasthuri Venkateswaran,Jessica A. Keune,Hami E. Ray,Mathias Basner,Jack M. Miller,Jack M. Miller,Martha Hotz Vitaterna,Deanne Taylor,Deanne Taylor,Douglas C. Wallace,Douglas C. Wallace,Kathleen Rubins,Susan M. Bailey,Peter Grabham,Sylvain V. Costes,Christopher E. Mason,Afshin Beheshti,Afshin Beheshti +42 more
TL;DR: The known hazards of human spaceflight are reviewed, how spaceflight affects living systems through these six fundamental features, and the associated health risks of space exploration are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
NASA’s first ground-based Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulator: Enabling a new era in space radiobiology research
TL;DR: NASA’s innovative technology solution for a ground-based GCR simulator at the NSRL is discussed to accelerate the understanding and mitigation of health risks faced by astronauts.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Concerns for Neurocognitive Function during Deep Space Exposures to Chronic, Low Dose-Rate, Neutron Radiation.
Munjal M. Acharya,Janet E. Baulch,Peter M. Klein,Al Anoud D. Baddour,Lauren A. Apodaca,Enikö A. Kramár,Leila Alikhani,Camillo Garcia,Maria C. Angulo,Raja S Batra,Christine M Fallgren,Thomas B. Borak,Craig E.L. Stark,Marcello A Wood,Richard A. Britten,Ivan Soltesz,Charles L. Limoli +16 more
TL;DR: It is uncovered that realistic, low dose-rate exposures produce serious neurocognitive complications associated with impaired neurotransmission, and for the first time, some unexpected potential problems associated with deep space travel on all levels of neurological function are revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Space Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”
Satoshi Furukawa,Aiko Nagamatsu,Mitsuru Nenoi,Akira Fujimori,Shizuko Kakinuma,Takanori Katsube,Bing Wang,Chizuru Tsuruoka,Toshiyuki Shirai,Asako J. Nakamura,Asako Sakaue-Sawano,Atsushi Miyawaki,Hiroshi Harada,Minoru Kobayashi,Junya Kobayashi,Takekazu Kunieda,Tomoo Funayama,Michiyo Suzuki,Tatsuo Miyamoto,Jun Hidema,Yukari Yoshida,Akihisa Takahashi +21 more
TL;DR: An overview of the space radiation environment is provided and the latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation.
Marta Cortesao,Aram de Haas,Rebecca Unterbusch,Akira Fujimori,Tabea Schütze,Vera Meyer,Ralf Moeller +6 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that A. niger spores might not be easily inactivated by exposure to space radiation alone and that current planetary protection guidelines should be revisited, considering the high resistance of fungal spores.
References
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