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Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development

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TLDR
The function of lncRNAs in developmental processes, such as in dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation and organogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mammalian development are described.
Abstract
Genomes of multicellular organisms are characterized by the pervasive expression of different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a novel heterogeneous class of ncRNAs that includes thousands of different species. lncRNAs have crucial roles in gene expression control during both developmental and differentiation processes, and the number of lncRNA species increases in genomes of developmentally complex organisms, which highlights the importance of RNA-based levels of control in the evolution of multicellular organisms. In this Review, we describe the function of lncRNAs in developmental processes, such as in dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation and organogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mammalian development.

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LncRNA NCK1-AS1 promotes proliferation and induces cell cycle progression by crosstalk NCK1-AS1/miR-6857/CDK1 pathway

TL;DR: Findings suggest that NCK1-AS1/miR-6857/CDK1 crosstalk serves as a critical effector in cervical cancer progression and may serve as a potential target in cervicalcancer.
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MicroRNA-1224 Splicing CircularRNA-Filip1l in an Ago2-Dependent Manner Regulates Chronic Inflammatory Pain via Targeting Ubr5.

TL;DR: The increase of circRNA-Filip1l mediated by miRNA-1224 in an Ago2-dependent way in the spinal cord is involved in regulation of nociception via targeting Ubr5, revealing a novel epigenetic mechanism of interaction between miRNA and circRNA in chronic inflammation pain.
Journal Article

Up-regulation of long non-coding RNA CCAT2 correlates with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in cervical squamous cell cancer patients

TL;DR: It is suggested that high expression of lncRNA CCAT2 is related to the prognosis of cervical squamous cell cancer; it may be a new prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cervical squamy cell cancer intervention.
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Downregulation of the long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 is associated with cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer.

TL;DR: Findings indicated that the lncRNA ZFAS1 may be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and thus, may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Downregulation of miR-335-5p by Long Noncoding RNA ZEB1-AS1 in Gastric Cancer Promotes Tumor Proliferation and Invasion

TL;DR: It is found that Z EB1-AS1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines and inhibition of miR-335-5p abrogated the suppression of proliferation and invasion of GC cells induced by ZEB1- AS1 depletion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq.

TL;DR: Although >90% of uniquely mapped reads fell within known exons, the remaining data suggest new and revised gene models, including changed or additional promoters, exons and 3′ untranscribed regions, as well as new candidate microRNA precursors.
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Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency

TL;DR: It is found that a human circRNA, antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), is densely bound by microRNA (miRNA) effector complexes and harbours 63 conserved binding sites for the ancient miRNA miR-7.
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Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges

TL;DR: This study serves as the first functional analysis of a naturally expressed circular RNA, ciRS-7, which contains more than 70 selectively conserved miRNA target sites, and is highly and widely associated with Argonaute proteins in a miR-7-dependent manner.
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A ceRNA Hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a Hidden RNA Language?

TL;DR: It is proposed that this "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) activity forms a large-scale regulatory network across the transcriptome, greatly expanding the functional genetic information in the human genome and playing important roles in pathological conditions, such as cancer.
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Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis

TL;DR: It is shown that lincRNAs in the HOX loci become systematically dysregulated during breast cancer progression, indicating that l incRNAs have active roles in modulating the cancer epigenome and may be important targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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