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Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development

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TLDR
The function of lncRNAs in developmental processes, such as in dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation and organogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mammalian development are described.
Abstract
Genomes of multicellular organisms are characterized by the pervasive expression of different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a novel heterogeneous class of ncRNAs that includes thousands of different species. lncRNAs have crucial roles in gene expression control during both developmental and differentiation processes, and the number of lncRNA species increases in genomes of developmentally complex organisms, which highlights the importance of RNA-based levels of control in the evolution of multicellular organisms. In this Review, we describe the function of lncRNAs in developmental processes, such as in dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation and organogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mammalian development.

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Multidimensional communication of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the latest research on the link between miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung cancer is presented, which discusses their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer in clinical practice.
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Digestive System Malignancies: A Novel Class of Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?

TL;DR: An overview of recent findings regarding the emerging role of lncRNAs not only as key regulators of cancer initiation and progression in colon, stomach, pancreatic, liver, and esophageal cancers, but also as reliable tumor markers and therapeutic tools is provided.
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Long noncoding RNA H19 acts as a miR-29b sponge to promote wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer.

TL;DR: Upregulation of lncRNA H19 can elevate the expression of FBN1 through competitively binding to miR‐29b, which enhances the proliferation, migration, and inhibits apoptosis of fibroblasts, thus facilitating the wound healing of DFU.
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LINC00702/miR-4652-3p/ZEB1 axis promotes the progression of malignant meningioma through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

TL;DR: Bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments demonstrated that LINC00702 acted as the molecular sponge of miR-4652-3p to upregulate ZEB1 in malignant meningioma, and high level of LINC 00702 was demonstrated to be associated with the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq.

TL;DR: Although >90% of uniquely mapped reads fell within known exons, the remaining data suggest new and revised gene models, including changed or additional promoters, exons and 3′ untranscribed regions, as well as new candidate microRNA precursors.
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Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency

TL;DR: It is found that a human circRNA, antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), is densely bound by microRNA (miRNA) effector complexes and harbours 63 conserved binding sites for the ancient miRNA miR-7.
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Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges

TL;DR: This study serves as the first functional analysis of a naturally expressed circular RNA, ciRS-7, which contains more than 70 selectively conserved miRNA target sites, and is highly and widely associated with Argonaute proteins in a miR-7-dependent manner.
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A ceRNA Hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a Hidden RNA Language?

TL;DR: It is proposed that this "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) activity forms a large-scale regulatory network across the transcriptome, greatly expanding the functional genetic information in the human genome and playing important roles in pathological conditions, such as cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis

TL;DR: It is shown that lincRNAs in the HOX loci become systematically dysregulated during breast cancer progression, indicating that l incRNAs have active roles in modulating the cancer epigenome and may be important targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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