Modulation of Mucosal Immune Response, Tolerance, and Proliferation in Mice Colonized by the Mucin-Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila
Muriel Derrien,Peter van Baarlen,Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld,Elisabeth Norin,Michael Müller,Willem M. de Vos,Willem M. de Vos +6 more
TLDR
It is proposed that A. muciniphila modulates pathways involved in establishing homeostasis for basal metabolism and immune tolerance toward commensal microbiota, and altered mucosal gene expression profiles toward increased expression of genes involved in immune responses and cell fate determination.Abstract:
Epithelial cells of the mammalian intestine are covered with a mucus layer that prevents direct contact with intestinal microbes but also constitutes a substrate for mucus-degrading bacteria. To study the effect of mucus degradation on the host response, germ-free mice were colonized with Akkermansia muciniphila. This anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Verrucomicrobia is specialized in the degradation of mucin, the glycoprotein present in mucus, and found in high numbers in the intestinal tract of human and other mammalian species. Efficient colonization of A. muciniphila was observed with highest numbers in the cecum, where most mucin is produced. In contrast, following colonization by Lactobacillus plantarum, a facultative anaerobe belonging to the Firmicutes that ferments carbohydrates, similar cell-numbers were found at all intestinal sites. Whereas A. muciniphila was located closely associated with the intestinal cells, L. plantarum was exclusively found in the lumen. The global transcriptional host response was determined in intestinal biopsies and revealed a consistent, site-specific, and unique modulation of about 750 genes in mice colonized by A. muciniphila and over 1500 genes after colonization by L. plantarum. Pathway reconstructions showed that colonization by A. muciniphila altered mucosal gene expression profiles toward increased expression of genes involved in immune responses and cell fate determination, while colonization by L. plantarum led to up-regulation of lipid metabolism. These indicate that the colonizers induce host responses that are specific per intestinal location. In conclusion, we propose that A. muciniphila modulates pathways involved in establishing homeostasis for basal metabolism and immune tolerance toward commensal microbiota.read more
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A review of a potential and promising probiotic candidate-Akkermansia muciniphila.
TL;DR: This article comprehensively reviewed A. muciniphila from the published peer‐reviewed articles in the aspects of its role in the host physiology and commonly consumed food that can boost its abundance, which should provide useful and fundamental information for scientists and engineers and even ordinary consumers.
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Gnotobiotic Rodents: An In Vivo Model for the Study of Microbe-Microbe Interactions.
TL;DR: Current knowledge on germ-free animals as an experimental model for the study of the ecology and metabolism of intestinal bacteria as well as the role of microorganisms in both the development and function of the gut barrier and homeostasis is summarized.
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The Potential Impact of Probiotics on the Gut Microbiome of Athletes
TL;DR: The effect of exercise on the microbiome is explored while also investigating the effect of probiotics on various potential consequences associated with over-training in athletes, as well as their associated health benefits.
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Expression of immune regulatory genes correlate with the abundance of specific Clostridiales and Verrucomicrobia species in the equine ileum and cecum.
F. Lindenberg,Lukasz Krych,J. Fielden,Witold Kot,Hanne Frøkiær,G. van Galen,Dennis Sandris Nielsen,Axel Kornerup Hansen +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that Clostridiales and Verrucomicrobia have the potential to induce regulatory immunity and are possible targets for intestinal microbial interventions aiming at regulatory immunity improvement.
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The effects of sodium butyrate and inulin supplementation on angiotensin signaling pathway via promotion of Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in type 2 diabetes; A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Neda Roshanravan,Reza Mahdavi,Effat Alizadeh,Abed Ghavami,Yalda Rahbar Saadat,Naimeh Mesri Alamdari,Shahriar Alipour,Mohammad Reza Dastouri,Alireza Ostadrahimi +8 more
TL;DR: Intervention had significant effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and led to improvement of hypertension, however, further investigations are needed to make concise conclusions.
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