Regulation of virulence by butyrate sensing in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
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Upon entering the distal ileum, EHEC may respond to the higher butyrate level via Lrp by increasing its virulence expression, leading to efficient colonization of the target niche.Abstract:
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) colonizes and proliferates at the mucosal surface, inducing severe diarrhoea. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are abundant in the intestine owing to the metabolic activity of microflora, and are important for colonic health. We found that, although a high concentration of SCFAs inhibited the growth of EHEC, at low concentrations, the SCFAs markedly enhanced the expression of the virulence genes required for cell adherence and the induction of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Of the SCFAs tested, butyrate markedly enhanced the expression of these virulence-associated genes, even at the low concentration of 1.25 mM, but acetate and propionate showed only a small effect at concentrations higher than 40 mM. Butyrate enhanced the promoter activity of the LEE1 operon, which encodes a global regulator of the LEE genes, Ler. This enhancement was dependent on a regulator, PchA. Butyrate sensing was completely abrogated by the deletion of lrp, the gene for the leucine-responsive regulatory protein, Lrp. Expression of a constitutively active mutant of Lrp enhanced the expression of the LEE genes in the absence of butyrate, and a response-defective Lrp derivative reduced the response to butyrate. Thus, upon entering the distal ileum, EHEC may respond to the higher butyrate level via Lrp by increasing its virulence expression, leading to efficient colonization of the target niche.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease.
Jian Tan,Craig R. M. McKenzie,Maria Potamitis,Alison N. Thorburn,Charles R. Mackay,Laurence Macia +5 more
TL;DR: The role of SCFAs as a major player in maintenance of gut and immune homeostasis is highlighted, and their levels are regulated by diet are provided a new basis to explain the increased prevalence of inflammatory disease in Westernized countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Matthew A. Croxen,Robyn J. Law,Roland Scholz,Kristie M. Keeney,Marta Wlodarska,B. Brett Finlay +5 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review highlights recent advances in understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli, which carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
From the gut to the peripheral tissues: the multiple effects of butyrate.
Paul Guilloteau,L. Martin,Venessa Eeckhaut,Richard Ducatelle,Romuald Zabielski,F. Van Immerseel +5 more
TL;DR: The present paper aims to give an update on the biological role of butyrate in mammals, when it is naturally produced by the gastrointestinal microbiota or orally ingested as a feed additive.
Book ChapterDOI
Regulation of Bacterial Pathogenesis by Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Yvonne Sun,Mary X. D. O'Riordan +1 more
TL;DR: The biological role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are fermentation end products of the intestinal microbiota, in host-pathogen interactions, are dissected to highlight the importance of the chemical environment where the biology of the host, the microbiota, and the pathogen intersects, which provides a basis for designing effective infection prevention and control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Butyrate modifies intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells through a selective upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway.
Hui Yan,Kolapo M. Ajuwon +1 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that butyrate might protect epithelial cells from LPS-induced impairment of barrier integrity through an increase in the synthesis of tight junction proteins, and perhaps regulation of energy homeostasis.
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