The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Raghu Kalluri,Robert A. Weinberg +1 more
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TLDR
Processes similar to the EMTs associated with embryo implantation, embryogenesis, and organ development are appropriated and subverted by chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasias and the identification of the signaling pathways that lead to activation of EMT programs during these disease processes is providing new insights into the plasticity of cellular phenotypes.Abstract:
The origins of the mesenchymal cells participating in tissue repair and pathological processes, notably tissue fibrosis, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis, are poorly understood. However, emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) represent one important source of these cells. As we discuss here, processes similar to the EMTs associated with embryo implantation, embryogenesis, and organ development are appropriated and subverted by chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasias. The identification of the signaling pathways that lead to activation of EMT programs during these disease processes is providing new insights into the plasticity of cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions.read more
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Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer
TL;DR: The principal mechanisms that govern the effects of inflammation and immunity on tumor development are outlined and attractive new targets for cancer therapy and prevention are discussed.
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The Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set Collection
Arthur Liberzon,Chet Birger,Helga Thorvaldsdottir,Mahmoud Ghandi,Jill P. Mesirov,Pablo Tamayo +5 more
TL;DR: A combination of automated approaches and expert curation is used to develop a collection of "hallmark" gene sets, derived from multiple "founder" sets, that conveys a specific biological state or process and displays coherent expression in MSigDB.
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Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
TL;DR: The reprogramming of gene expression during EMT, as well as non-transcriptional changes, are initiated and controlled by signalling pathways that respond to extracellular cues, and the convergence of signalling pathways is essential for EMT.
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Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data
Kosuke Yoshihara,Maria Shahmoradgoli,Emmanuel Martinez,Rahulsimham Vegesna,Hoon Kim,Wandaliz Torres-Garcia,Victor Trevino,Hui Shen,Peter W. Laird,Douglas A. Levine,Scott L. Carter,Gad Getz,Katherine Stemke-Hale,Gordon B. Mills,Roel G.W. Verhaak +14 more
TL;DR: A method that uses gene expression signatures to infer the fraction of stromal and immune cells in tumour samples and prediction accuracy is corroborated using 3,809 transcriptional profiles available elsewhere in the public domain.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases: Regulators of the Tumor Microenvironment
TL;DR: In addition to their role in extracellular matrix turnover and cancer cell migration, MMPs regulate signaling pathways that control cell growth, inflammation, or angiogenesis and may even work in a nonproteolytic manner.
References
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Alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition develops in vivo during pulmonary fibrosis and is regulated by the extracellular matrix
Kevin K. Kim,Matthias C. Kugler,Paul J. Wolters,Liliane Robillard,Michael G. Galvez,Alexis N. Brumwell,Dean Sheppard,Harold A. Chapman +7 more
TL;DR: Alveolar epithelial cells are revealed as progenitors for fibroblasts in vivo and implicate the provisional extracellular matrix as a key regulator of epithelial transdifferentiation during fibrogenesis.
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Variable β-catenin expression in colorectal cancers indicates tumor progression driven by the tumor environment
Thomas Brabletz,Andreas Jung,Simone Reu,Marc Porzner,Falk Hlubek,Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart,Ruth Knuechel,Thomas Kirchner +7 more
TL;DR: It is postulate that an important driving force for progression of well-differentiated colorectal carcinomas is the specific environment, initiating two transient phenotypic transition processes by modulating intracellular β-catenin distribution in tumor cells.
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Cadherin expression in carcinomas: role in the formation of cell junctions and the prevention of invasiveness.
Walter Birchmeier,Jürgen Behrens +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, permanent and transient molecular mechanisms are discussed which lead to the impairment of junction integrity of the epithelial cells and thus to the progression of carcinomas towards a more metastatic state.
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Identification and characterization of a fibroblast marker: FSP1.
Frank Strutz,Hirokazu Okada,Cecilia W. Lo,Theodore M. Danoff,Robert L. Carone,John E. Tomaszewski,Eric G. Neilson +6 more
TL;DR: Experiments in which the in vitro overexpression of FSP1 cDNA in tubular epithelium is accompanied by conversion to a mesenchymal phenotype are observed, as characterized by a more stellate and elongated fibroblast- like appearance, a reduction in cytokeratin, and new expression of vimentin.
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Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent Mechanism
Neil A. Bhowmick,Mayshan Ghiassi,Andrei V. Bakin,Mary Aakre,Christopher A. Lundquist,Michael E. Engel,Carlos L. Arteaga,Harold L. Moses +7 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that TGF-beta rapidly activates RhoA-dependent signaling pathways to induce stress fiber formation and mesenchymal characteristics.