The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Raghu Kalluri,Robert A. Weinberg +1 more
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TLDR
Processes similar to the EMTs associated with embryo implantation, embryogenesis, and organ development are appropriated and subverted by chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasias and the identification of the signaling pathways that lead to activation of EMT programs during these disease processes is providing new insights into the plasticity of cellular phenotypes.Abstract:
The origins of the mesenchymal cells participating in tissue repair and pathological processes, notably tissue fibrosis, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis, are poorly understood. However, emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) represent one important source of these cells. As we discuss here, processes similar to the EMTs associated with embryo implantation, embryogenesis, and organ development are appropriated and subverted by chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasias. The identification of the signaling pathways that lead to activation of EMT programs during these disease processes is providing new insights into the plasticity of cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions.read more
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Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer
TL;DR: The principal mechanisms that govern the effects of inflammation and immunity on tumor development are outlined and attractive new targets for cancer therapy and prevention are discussed.
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The Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set Collection
Arthur Liberzon,Chet Birger,Helga Thorvaldsdottir,Mahmoud Ghandi,Jill P. Mesirov,Pablo Tamayo +5 more
TL;DR: A combination of automated approaches and expert curation is used to develop a collection of "hallmark" gene sets, derived from multiple "founder" sets, that conveys a specific biological state or process and displays coherent expression in MSigDB.
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Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
TL;DR: The reprogramming of gene expression during EMT, as well as non-transcriptional changes, are initiated and controlled by signalling pathways that respond to extracellular cues, and the convergence of signalling pathways is essential for EMT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data
Kosuke Yoshihara,Maria Shahmoradgoli,Emmanuel Martinez,Rahulsimham Vegesna,Hoon Kim,Wandaliz Torres-Garcia,Victor Trevino,Hui Shen,Peter W. Laird,Douglas A. Levine,Scott L. Carter,Gad Getz,Katherine Stemke-Hale,Gordon B. Mills,Roel G.W. Verhaak +14 more
TL;DR: A method that uses gene expression signatures to infer the fraction of stromal and immune cells in tumour samples and prediction accuracy is corroborated using 3,809 transcriptional profiles available elsewhere in the public domain.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases: Regulators of the Tumor Microenvironment
TL;DR: In addition to their role in extracellular matrix turnover and cancer cell migration, MMPs regulate signaling pathways that control cell growth, inflammation, or angiogenesis and may even work in a nonproteolytic manner.
References
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Transient adenoviral gene transfer of Smad7 prevents injury-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelium in mice
Shizuya Saika,Kazuo Ikeda,Osamu Yamanaka,Misako Sato,Yasuteru Muragaki,Yoshitaka Ohnishi,Akira Ooshima,Yuji Nakajima,Kazuhiko Namikawa,Hiroshi Kiyama,Kathleen C. Flanders,Anita B. Roberts +11 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that gene transfer of Smad7 in mice prevents injury-induced EMT of lens epithelial cells and sealing of the capsular break with fibrous tissue.
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TL;DR: This work reviews gastrulation in the deuterostomes, then examines nodal expression early during mesoderm formation and later during the establishment of asymmetries in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Localized BMP4-noggin interactions generate the dynamic patterning of noggin expression in somites.
TL;DR: expression patterns of BMP4 and of type IA BMP receptors are spatiotemporally compatible with this lateral-to-medial shift in transcription of somitic noggin, highlighting the existence in the neural tube-mesoderm complex of a regulatory loop by which BMP positively regulates transcription of noggins, which in turn represses further ligand activity.
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The microRNA-200 Family Regulates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Emily L. Paterson,Natasha Kolesnikoff,Philip A. Gregory,Andrew G. Bert,Yeesim Khew-Goodall,Gregory J. Goodall +5 more
TL;DR: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is implicated in metastasis initiation and has recently been shown to be regulated by the miRNA-200 family and miR-205, suggesting these microRNAs may play a role in cancer metastasis.
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Mesenchymal transition in kidney collecting duct epithelial cells
TL;DR: This study confirmed the hypothesis that collecting duct (CD) epithelial cells can undergo mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and revealed a phenotypic transformation of the cells to a mesenchysal morphology with associated increase in vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression and a decrease in total cellular E-cadherin expression.