Journal ArticleDOI
The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.
Tung Thanh Le,Zacharias Andreadakis,Arun Kumar,Raúl Gómez Román,Stig Tollefsen,Melanie Saville,Stephen Mayhew +6 more
TLDR
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations has developed and is continuously maintaining an overview of the global landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development activity, which includes vaccine development programmes reported through the WHO's authoritative and continually updated list, along with other projects identified from publicly available and proprietary sources.Abstract:
CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, was published on 11 January 2020, triggering intense global R&D activity to develop a vaccine against the disease. The scale of the humanitarian and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is driving evaluation of nextgeneration vaccine technology platforms through novel paradigms to accelerate development, and the first COVID-19 vaccine candidate entered human clinical testing with unprecedented rapidity on 16 March 2020. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is working with global health authorities and vaccine developers to support the development of vaccines against COVID-19. To facilitate this effort, we have developed and are continuously maintaining an overview of the global landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development activity. Our landscape database includes vaccine development programmes reported through the WHO’s authoritative and continually updated list, along with other projects identified from publicly available and proprietary sources (see Supplementary Box 1). The landscape provides insights into key characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine R&D and serves as a resource for ongoing portfolio management at CEPI. We have also shared our landscape information with others in the global health ecosystem to help improve coordination in the COVID-19 outbreak response and enable global resources and capabilities to be directed towards the most promising vaccine candidates.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review.
W. Joost Wiersinga,Andrew Rhodes,Allen C. Cheng,Sharon J. Peacock,Sharon J. Peacock,Hallie C. Prescott +5 more
TL;DR: This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.
Alba Grifoni,Daniela Weiskopf,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sydney I. Ramirez,Jose Mateus,Jennifer M. Dan,Jennifer M. Dan,Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher,Stephen A. Rawlings,Aaron Sutherland,Lakshmanane Premkumar,Ramesh Jadi,Daniel Marrama,Aravinda M. de Silva,April Frazier,Aaron F. Carlin,Jason A. Greenbaum,Bjoern Peters,Bjoern Peters,Florian Krammer,Davey M. Smith,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette +24 more
TL;DR: Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide ‘megapools’, circulating SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in ∼70% and 100% of COVID-19 convalescent patients, respectively, suggesting cross-reactive T cell recognition between circulating ‘common cold’ coronaviruses and SARS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Lindsey R. Baden,Hana M. El Sahly,Brandon Essink,Karen L. Kotloff,Sharon E. Frey,Rick Novak,David Diemert,Stephen A. Spector,Nadine Rouphael,C. Buddy Creech,John W McGettigan,Shishir Khetan,Nathan Segall,Joel Solis,Adam Brosz,Carlos Fierro,Howard J. Schwartz,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Lawrence Corey,Peter B. Gilbert,Holly Janes,Dean Follmann,Mary A. Marovich,John R. Mascola,Laura Polakowski,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,Hamilton Bennett,Rolando Pajon,Conor Knightly,Brett Leav,Weiping Deng,Honghong Zhou,Shu Liang Han,Melanie Ivarsson,Jacqueline Miller,Tal Z Zaks +36 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine as discussed by the authors is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.
Nicolas Vabret,Graham J. Britton,Conor Gruber,Samarth Hegde,Joel Kim,Maria Kuksin,Rachel Levantovsky,Louise Malle,Alvaro Moreira,Matthew D. Park,Luisanna Pia,Emma Risson,Miriam Saffern,Bérengère Salomé,Myvizhi Esai Selvan,Matthew P. Spindler,Jessica Tan,Verena van der Heide,Jill Gregory,Konstantina Alexandropoulos,Nina Bhardwaj,Brian D. Brown,Benjamin Greenbaum,Zeynep H. Gümüş,Dirk Homann,Amir Horowitz,Alice O. Kamphorst,Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille,Saurabh Mehandru,Miriam Merad,Robert M. Samstein,Manasi Agrawal,Mark Aleynick,Meriem Belabed,Matthew Brown,Maria Casanova-Acebes,Jovani Catalan,Monica Centa,Andrew Charap,Andrew K Chan,Steven T. Chen,Jonathan Chung,Cansu Cimen Bozkus,Evan Cody,Francesca Cossarini,Erica Dalla,Nicolas F. Fernandez,John A. Grout,Dan Fu Ruan,Pauline Hamon,Etienne Humblin,Divya Jha,Julia Kodysh,Andrew Leader,Matthew Lin,Katherine E. Lindblad,Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo,Gabrielle Lubitz,Assaf Magen,Zafar Mahmood,Gustavo Martinez-Delgado,Jaime Mateus-Tique,Elliot Meritt,Chang Moon,Justine Noel,Timothy O'Donnell,Miyo Ota,Tamar Plitt,Venu Pothula,Jamie Redes,Ivan Reyes Torres,Mark P. Roberto,Alfonso R. Sanchez-Paulete,Joan Shang,Alessandra Soares Schanoski,Maria Suprun,Michelle Tran,Natalie Vaninov,C. Matthias Wilk,Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso,Dusan Bogunovic,Judy H. Cho,Jeremiah J. Faith,Emilie K. Grasset,Peter S. Heeger,Ephraim Kenigsberg,Florian Krammer,Uri Laserson +87 more
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity.
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher,Sydney I. Ramirez,Sydney I. Ramirez,Jennifer M. Dan,Jennifer M. Dan,Alba Grifoni,Kathryn M. Hastie,Daniela Weiskopf,Simon Bélanger,Robert K. Abbott,Christina K. Kim,Jinyong Choi,Yu Kato,Eleanor G. Crotty,Cheryl Kim,Stephen A. Rawlings,Jose Mateus,Longping V. Tse,April Frazier,Ralph S. Baric,Bjoern Peters,Jason A. Greenbaum,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Erica Ollmann Saphire,Davey M. Smith,Alessandro Sette,Alessandro Sette,Shane Crotty,Shane Crotty +28 more
TL;DR: A combined examination of all three branches of adaptive immunity at the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in acute and convalescent subjects suggested roles for both CD4 plus T cells in protective immunity in COVID-19.
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