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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity

TLDR
In this paper, the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI data from 1,000 subjects and a clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex.
Abstract
Information processing in the cerebral cortex involves interactions among distributed areas. Anatomical connectivity suggests that certain areas form local hierarchical relations such as within the visual system. Other connectivity patterns, particularly among association areas, suggest the presence of large-scale circuits without clear hierarchical relations. In this study the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Data from 1,000 subjects were registered using surface-based alignment. A clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex. The results revealed local networks confined to sensory and motor cortices as well as distributed networks of association regions. Within the sensory and motor cortices, functional connectivity followed topographic representations across adjacent areas. In association cortex, the connectivity patterns often showed abrupt transitions between network boundaries. Focused analyses were performed to better understand properties of network connectivity. A canonical sensory-motor pathway involving primary visual area, putative middle temporal area complex (MT+), lateral intraparietal area, and frontal eye field was analyzed to explore how interactions might arise within and between networks. Results showed that adjacent regions of the MT+ complex demonstrate differential connectivity consistent with a hierarchical pathway that spans networks. The functional connectivity of parietal and prefrontal association cortices was next explored. Distinct connectivity profiles of neighboring regions suggest they participate in distributed networks that, while showing evidence for interactions, are embedded within largely parallel, interdigitated circuits. We conclude by discussing the organization of these large-scale cerebral networks in relation to monkey anatomy and their potential evolutionary expansion in humans to support cognition.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Brain (re)organisation following amputation: Implications for phantom limb pain

TL;DR: The need to consider potential contributions of additional brain mechanisms, beyond S1 remapping, and the dynamic interplay of contextual factors with brain changes for understanding and alleviating PLP is highlighted.
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Grey matter changes in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease patients.

TL;DR: Grey matter changes in PDD involve areas associated with Alzheimer-like pathology while fronto-parietal abnormalities are possibly an early marker of PD cognitive decline, consistent with a non-linear cognitive progression in PD.
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Functional connectomics from a "big data" perspective

TL;DR: The novel findings in the application of functional connectomic big data to the exploration of the biological mechanisms of cognitive functions, normal development and aging and of neurological and psychiatric disorders are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

Regional functionality of the cerebellum

TL;DR: The evidence for region-specific inputs, region- specific connectivity with the rest of the brain, and region- Specific processing within the cerebellum is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Altered Gray Matter Structural Covariance Networks in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

TL;DR: The observed changes suggest that early disruptions in structural association between heteromodal association cortices and the entorhinal cortex could contribute to an isolation of the hippocampal formation, potentially giving rise to the clinical hallmark of AD, progressive memory impairment.
References
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TL;DR: A new graphical display is proposed for partitioning techniques, where each cluster is represented by a so-called silhouette, which is based on the comparison of its tightness and separation, and provides an evaluation of clustering validity.
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Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex

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Journal ArticleDOI

Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL.

TL;DR: A review of the research carried out by the Analysis Group at the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB) on the development of new methodologies for the analysis of both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain

TL;DR: Evidence for partially segregated networks of brain areas that carry out different attentional functions is reviewed, finding that one system is involved in preparing and applying goal-directed selection for stimuli and responses, and the other is specialized for the detection of behaviourally relevant stimuli.
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