The value of biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects during the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment.
Sean L. Tuck,Michael O'Brien,Christopher D. Philipson,Philippe Saner,Matteo Tanadini,Dzaeman Dzulkifli,H. Charles J. Godfray,Elia Godoong,Reuben Nilus,Robert C. Ong,Bernhard Schmid,Waidi Sinun,Jake L. Snaddon,Martijn Snoep,Hamzah Tangki,John Tay,Philip Ulok,Yap Sau Wai,Maja Weilenmann,Glen Reynolds,Andy Hector +20 more
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The results reveal the species differences required for potential insurance effects including a trade-off in which species with denser wood have lower growth rates but higher survival, and average survival rates were extreme in monocultures than mixtures.Abstract:
One of the main environmental threats in the tropics is selective logging, which has degraded large areas of forest. In southeast Asia, enrichment planting with seedlings of the dominant group of dipterocarp tree species aims to accelerate restoration of forest structure and functioning. The role of tree diversity in forest restoration is still unclear, but the ‘insurance hypothesis’ predicts that in temporally and spatially varying environments planting mixtures may stabilize functioning owing to differences in species traits and ecologies. To test for potential insurance effects, we analyse the patterns of seedling mortality and growth in monoculture and mixture plots over the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment. Our results reveal the species differences required for potential insurance effects including a trade-off in which species with denser wood have lower growth rates but higher survival. This trade-off was consistent over time during the first decade, but growth and mortality varied spatially across our 500 ha experiment with species responding to changing conditions in different ways. Overall, average survival rates were extreme in monocultures than mixtures consistent with a potential insurance effect in which monocultures of poorly surviving species risk recruitment failure, whereas monocultures of species with high survival have rates of self-thinning that are potentially wasteful when seedling stocks are limited. Longer-term monitoring as species interactions strengthen will be needed to more comprehensively test to what degree mixtures of species spread risk and use limited seedling stocks more efficiently to increase diversity and restore ecosystem structure and functioning.read more
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Benefits of increasing plant diversity in sustainable agroecosystems
Forest Isbell,Paul R. Adler,Nico Eisenhauer,Dario A. Fornara,Kaitlin Kimmel,Claire Kremen,Deborah K. Letourneau,Matt Liebman,H. Wayne Polley,Sandra Quijas,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the potential benefits of increasing plant diversity in natural ecosystems, as well as in agroecosystems and production forests, is presented and discussed.
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Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate
TL;DR: A conceptual framework is suggested to explain the various processes leading to higher productivity of species-rich forests compared with average yields of their respective monocultures and provides three pathways for possible development of the diversity-productivity relationship under a changing climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Getting the message right on nature-based solutions to climate change
Nathalie Seddon,Alison Smith,Alison Smith,Pete Smith,Isabel Key,Alexandre Chausson,Cécile A. J. Girardin,Cécile A. J. Girardin,Jo House,Shilpi Srivastava,Beth Turner,Beth Turner +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the promise and pitfalls of the nature-based solutions (NbS) framing and its current political traction, and present recommendations on how to get the message right.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning across times and places.
Forest Isbell,Jane Cowles,Laura E. Dee,Michel Loreau,Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich,Andrew Gonzalez,Andy Hector,Bernhard Schmid +8 more
TL;DR: A new approach is developed and applied to estimate these previously unquantified insurance effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning that arise due to species turnover across times and places, and it is found that total insurance effects are positive in sign and substantial in magnitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments
Jake J. Grossman,Margot Vanhellemont,Nadia Barsoum,Jürgen Bauhus,Helge Bruelheide,Bastien Castagneyrol,Jeannine Cavender-Bares,Nico Eisenhauer,Olga Ferlian,Dominique Gravel,Andy Hector,Hervé Jactel,Holger Kreft,Simone Mereu,Simone Mereu,Christian Messier,Christian Messier,Bart Muys,Charles A. Nock,Alain Paquette,John D. Parker,Michael P. Perring,Michael P. Perring,Quentin Ponette,Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich,Andreas Schuldt,Michael Staab,Martin Weih,Delphine Clara Zemp,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Kris Verheyen +31 more
TL;DR: Findings from TreeDivNet indicate that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning.
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