Showing papers on "Alkaline phosphatase published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aimed to microcapsulate the human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) and evaluated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of those cells by using MTT assay, qRT-PCR, Alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarine Red S. Microencapsulation of cells in an appropriate scaffold not only protected the cells against excess stress but also promoted cell proliferation and differentiation.
Abstract: Microcapsule is considered as a promising 3D microenvironment for Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) applications. Microencapsulation of cells in an appropriate scaffold not only protected the cells against excess stress but also promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. Through the current study, we aimed to microcapsulate the human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) and evaluated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of those cells by using MTT assay, qRT-PCR, Alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarine Red S. The SEM results revealed that Alg/Gel microcapsules containing nHA showed a rough and more compact surface morphology in comparison with the Alg/Gel microcapsules. Moreover, the microencapsulation by Alg/Gel/nHA could improve cell proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation. The cells cultured in the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules showed 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold activity of BMP-2 gene expression more in comparison with the control group after 21 days. The mentioned amounts for the BMP-2 gene were 2.5-fold and 4-fold more expression for the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules after 28 days. The nHA, addition to hDPSCs-laden Alg/Gel microcapsule, could up-regulate the bone-related gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and RUNX-2 during the 21 and 28 days through the culturing period, too. Calcium deposition and ALP activities of the cells were observed in accordance with the proliferation results as well as the gene expression analysis. The present study demonstrated that microencapsulation of the hDPSCs inside the Alg/Gel/nHA hydrogel could be a potential approach for regenerative dentistry in the near future.
36 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effects of alkaline (ALP) and acid phosphatase activities on soil P availability in a dark coniferous forest along an altitude gradient of Mount Gongga in the Tibetan Plateau.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia upon pistachio hulls derived polysaccharide (PHDP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) separately or as synbiotic.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial distribution of phosphatase activity and pH in the rhizosphere in response to P availability between legumes and cereals and along individual roots were investigated.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in exosomes was explored as a potential biomarker of carcinogenesis as well as osseous metastatic invasion.
23 citations
TL;DR: The increased growth performance, digestive enzymes and nutrient retention in fish fed the diets supplemented with SB at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg suggests that SB can be a desirable growth promoter as an antibiotic alternative in diets.
22 citations
TL;DR: Two fluorescent signal indicators were simply converted from one organic precursor system by using the superior oxidation capability of manganese dioxide nanosheets for the first time, finally resulting in the successful fabrication of a ratio fluorometric bioassay of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of ICA on human bone mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) osteogenesis and adipogenesis by focusing on miR-23a mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of four cadmium complexes with Schiff bases (1L-4L) derived from the substituted amines and aryl aldehydes were dealt with.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that approximately half of patients with infliximab-induced liver injury had slow improvement in ALT despite cessation of therapy and were treated with corticosteroids.
20 citations
06 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect and inner mechanism of curcumin in rats with radiation-induced liver damage (RILD) was observed on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after the treatment with Curcumin.
Abstract: Curcumin has been demonstrated to exert anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. This study was conducted to observe the effect and inner mechanism of curcumin in rats with radiation-induced liver damage (RILD). Thirty SD rats were classified into Control, Radiation group and Curcumin (Cur) + Radiation group (n = 10 in each group). The changes in body weight of the rats were observed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the treatment with curcumin. On the 14th day post treatment, the heart blood of the rats was drawn for measurement of liver function indices including total protein (TP), alanine aminotransfetase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as aspartate aminotransfetase (AST). Subsequently, the rats were euthanized and liver tissues were taken to observe liver morphological changes using hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and to analyze apoptosis condition using transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress level in liver tissue homogenate was determined by biochemical analysis. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins was detected using Western blot analysis, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reduced body weight was observed in rats of the Radiation group compared to the Control and Cur + Radiation groups on day 14. In the Radiation group, hepatic cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration could be visible under the light microscope, and the hepatocytes presented with vacuolar degeneration. In the Cur + Radiation group, the hepatocytes swelled under the microscope, but the pathological changes were alleviated in comparison with the Radiation group. RILD rats with curcumin treatment presented with decreased ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and maleicdialdehyde (MDA) levels, and elevated TP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase activated DNase (CAD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Apoptosis and inflammation in rats with RILD were up-regulated, and the NF-κB pathway was activated, but they were reversed after continuously intragastric administration of curcumin for 14 days. Our study highlights that curcumin treatment reduces the liver damage caused by radiation through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
TL;DR: In this paper, a colorimetric sensor for the ALP assay based on its enzymatic activity to dephosphorylate the p-aminophenol phosphate (pAPP) into pAP was developed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, TM) on the growth performance, food utilization and intestinal immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
TL;DR: A turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DXMP) was developed for sensitive detection of ALP activity both in vitro and in vivo based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism and has been successfully used to detect and image endogenous ALP in living cells and zebrafish.
Abstract: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an essential hydrolase and widely distributed in living organisms. It plays important roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DXMP) was developed for sensitive detection of ALP activity both in vitro and in vivo based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Upon incubation with ALP, DXMP exhibited a strong fluorescence increment at 640 nm, which was attributed to the fact that ALP-catalyzed cleavage of the phosphate group in DXMP induced the transformation of DXMP into DXM-OH. The probe exhibited prominent features including outstanding selectivity, high sensitivity, and excellent biocompatibility. More importantly, it has been successfully used to detect and image endogenous ALP in living cells and zebrafish.
TL;DR: Serum AST and LDH levels were elevated, while the SOD level was decreased in severe and critical patients, compared with mild cases, and DG treatment may alleviate the abnormal liver enzyme activities in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease. Our understanding of the clinical characteristics of liver damage and the relationship with disease severity in COVID-19 is still limited. To investigate the serum hepatic enzyme activities in different phenotypes of COVID-19 patients, evaluate their relationship with the illness severity and analyze the correlation of glycyrrhizin treatment and abnormal liver enzyme activities, one hundred and forty-seven patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in a retrospective study that investigated hepatic dysfunction. Liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Y-glutamyl transferase (GGT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed in these patients. Patients with diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) treatment were further investigated. Of the 147 patients, 56 (38.1%) had abnormal ALT activity and 80 (54.4%) had abnormal AST activity. The peak of abnormal hepatic enzyme activities occurred at 3 to 6 days after on admission. Serum AST and LDH levels were elevated, while the SOD level was decreased in severe and critical patients, compared with mild cases. DG treatment may alleviate the abnormal liver enzyme activities in non-critical COVID-19 patients. Abnormal liver functions may be observed in patients with COVID-19, and were associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver damage. Glycyrrhizin treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for the outcome of abnormal hepatic enzyme activities in severe COVID-19 cases. Serum hepatic enzyme tests may reflect the illness severity and should be monitored.
17 Aug 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a colorimetric detection strategy for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was established based on an Fe-doped carbon-based nanozyme by doping Fe into a Zn MOF and introducing dicyandiamid.
Abstract: Herein, a colorimetric detection strategy for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was established based on an Fe-doped carbon-based nanozyme. By doping Fe into a Zn MOF and introducing dicyandiamid...
TL;DR: Collectively, ZP exerts its inhibitory effect against bone resorption by regulating RANKL-mediated c-fos/NFATc1/NF-κB in osteoclast and may prove to be a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
TL;DR: Recent advances in fluorescence imaging of phosphatase are summarized, mainly focused on ALP, and the challenges and future prospects ofosphatase probes are assessed.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of miR-340-5p on osteogenic differentiation (OD) in high glucose (HG)-treated MC3T3-E1 cells were explored.
Abstract: Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a chronic complication of diabetes in the skeletal system. High level of miR-340-5p may be harmful to the bone formation. In this study, the DOP model of rats was successfully established via streptozotocin (STZ) and ovariectomy (OVX) treatment. It was manifested by reduced body weight, insulin level, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen-I expressions, as well as increased concentration of fasting blood glucose. Moreover, we found that miR-340-5p expression was increased while runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) was decreased in femurs. Furthermore, the effects of miR-340-5p on osteogenic differentiation (OD) in high glucose (HG)-treated MC3T3-E1 cells were explored. Exposure to OD and HG contributed to elevated miR-340-5p level. Inhibition of miR-340-5p enhanced ALP level, calcium deposition, and OCN, collagen-I and RUNX2 levels. On the contrary, miR-340-5p overexpression reversed these promotional effects. Luciferase assay indicated that RUNX2 may be a target gene of miR-340-5p. Moreover, RUNX2 deficiency decreased miR-340-5p inhibition-induced ALP activity, calcium accumulation and OCN, collagen-I, RUNX2 levels. In short, the above findings revealed that inhibition of miR-340-5p facilitated osteogenic differentiation through regulating RUNX2 in MC3TC-E1 cells, which provided targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DOP.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the mineralization and cell proliferation of murine dental cementoblasts, and showed that CAP appears to have stimulatory effects on regeneration-associated cell functions in cementblasts.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the mineralization and cell proliferation of murine dental cementoblasts. Cells were treated with CAP and enamel matrix derivates (EMD). Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), periostin (POSTN), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OSX), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP)1, RUNX family transcription factor (RUNX)2, and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (KI67) was quantified by real-time PCR. Protein expression was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and ELISA. ALP activity was determined by ALP assay. Von Kossa and alizarin red staining were used to display mineralization. Cell viability was analyzed by XTT assay, and morphological characterization was performed by DAPI/phalloidin staining. Cell migration was quantified with an established scratch assay. CAP and EMD upregulated both mRNA and protein synthesis of ALP, POSTN, and OPN. Additionally, DMP1 and COL1A1 were upregulated at both gene and protein levels. In addition to upregulated RUNX2 mRNA levels, treated cells mineralized more intensively. Moreover, CAP treatment resulted in an upregulation of KI67, higher cell viability, and improved cell migration. Our study shows that CAP appears to have stimulatory effects on regeneration-associated cell functions in cementoblasts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay.
Abstract: Background Risk of fragility fractures increases in patients with diabetes mellitus, independent of bone mineral density. In the present study, the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated. Methods AGEs and 25 mM glucose were administered to marrow-derived macrophages and MCT3T3-E1 cells. The effects of AGEs on osteoclast differentiation was investigated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. The effects of AGEs on osteoblast differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone nodule formation assays. Expression of osteoclast-specific and osteoblast-specific genes and effects on cell signaling pathways associated with cell differentiation were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results AGEs significantly decreased TRAP-positive multinucleated cell formation in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. AGEs suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, JNK, p38, AKT, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in marrow-derived macrophages. AGEs decreased ALP activity and showed a tendency to decrease bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells. AGEs suppressed the expression of osteoblast-specific genes, lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase in MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion AGEs suppressed differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and collagen cross-linking activity. It suggests that AGE may induce bone fragility through low bone turnover and deterioration of bone quality.
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-emission system based ratiometric fluoroimmunoassay (RFIA) was developed for quick and highly sensitive determination of 1-Naphthol (1-NAP).
TL;DR: Results suggest that CoQ10 and silymarin can protect the liver against oxidative damage through improved antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various doses of betaine supplemented dietary on Japanese quail performance, carcass characteristics, and blood chemistry was investigated, and the results indicated that the feed intake was lowered in groups fed with betaine (p≤0.05) when compared with the control one.
TL;DR: In this paper, the anti-diabetic potential of M. conica methanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice was assessed.
Abstract: Morchella conica (M. conica) Pers. belongs to six wild edible mushrooms that are widely used by Asian and European countries for their nutritional value. The low glycemic index of mushrooms makes them the best source for drug development against diabetes. The present study assessed the anti-diabetic potential of M. conica methanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ was used in a single dose of 65 mg/kg to establish diabetic models. Body weights, water/food intake and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries. In addition, in-vitro assays such as α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory, antiglycation, antioxidant and cytotoxicity were also performed. The in-vitro study indicated potent PTP1B inhibitory potential of M. conica with an IC50 value of 26.5 µg/mL as compared to the positive control, oleanolic acid (IC50 36.2 µg/mL). In-vivo investigation showed a gradual decrease in blood sugar level in M. conica treated mice (132 mg/dl) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg as compared to diabetic mice (346 mg/dl). The extract positively improved liver and kidney damages as were shown by their serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGP), serum glutamic oxaloacetate (SGO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological analysis revealed slight liver and pancreas improvement of mice treated with extract. Cytotoxicity assays displayed lower IC50 values. The study concludes that in-vivo antidiabetic potential of M. conica and its correlation with altered expression of PTP1B in liver and pancreas might be due to the presence of compounds responsible for the activity against diabetes showed by the LC-MS analysis of M. conica.
TL;DR: Japanese quails are an animal model with a strong immune system, making them suitable for the thorough assessment of in vivo chronic lead toxicity, and PbCl 2 exposure elicited a series of events observed first in the blood and serum parameters and later translated to the hematopoietic centers.
Abstract: Lead toxicity has been a hallmark issue of toxicology over the last decades. However, predictive and non-robust models did not provide complete data on low-dose lead interaction with the organism at different functional levels (e.g., blood-serum-liver-bone marrow-bursa fabricii-reproductive system axis). Japanese quails are an animal model with a strong immune system, making them suitable for the thorough assessment of in vivo chronic lead toxicity. In this study, we have exposed Japanese quails via water ingestion to 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL lead(II) chloride (PbCl2) for 20 days and assessed blood cells, serum biomarkers, hepatocyte survival, bone marrow hematopoiesis, bursa fabricii, and lead accumulation in eggs. Blood cells passed through morphological alterations (loss and inversion of the erythrocyte nucleus, multiple erythrocyte and thrombocyte aggregation, lymphocyte degradation, and blast cell infiltration). In the serum, PbCl2 increased the activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); increased the level of cholesterol, sodium, creatinine, and urea; and reduced the level of proteins, triglycerides, chloride, potassium, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (P < 0.05). Liver tissue of the exposed animals exhibited apparent death of hepatocytes. In the bone marrow, macrophages and heterophils contained a vast number of the infiltrated/uptaken granules upon PbCl2 exposure. Ultimately, PbCl2 exposure elicited a series of events observed first in the blood and serum parameters and later translated to the hematopoietic centers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the predictivability of APR in several types of cancer and found that APR has a prognostic value in several cancer types, including lung cancer.
Abstract: Albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR), a newly developed blood biomarker, has been reported to have prognostic value in several types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the predictiv...
TL;DR: In this article, a novel, facile, and sensitive fluorometric strategy based on a Cu2+-thiamine (Cu2+ -TH) system for the detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and inhibition was described.
Abstract: The authors describe a novel, facile, and sensitive fluorometric strategy based on a Cu2+-thiamine (Cu2+-TH) system for the detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and inhibition. The principle of the method is as follows. Under a basic conditions, TH, which does not exhibit a fluorescence signal, is oxidized into fluorescent thiochrome (TC) by Cu2+. Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), which is the enzyme substrate, is hydrolyzed to produce ascorbic acid (AA) by ALP. The newly formed AA then reduces Cu2+ to Cu+, which prevents the oxidation of TH by Cu2+; as a result, the fluorescent signal becomes weaker. On the contrary, in the absence of ALP, AAP cannot reduce Cu2+; additions of Cu2+ and TH result in a dramatic increase of the fluorescent signal. The sensing strategy displays brilliant sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.08 U/L, and the detection is linear in the concentration range of 0.1 to 100 U/L. This approach was successfully applied to ALP activity in human serum samples, indicating that it is reliable and may be applied to the clinical diagnosis of ALP-related diseases.
TL;DR: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans due to its potential to induce oxidative stress as discussed by the authors, however, exposure to AFB1 did not change the measured renal toxicity parameters.