Showing papers on "Folded inverted conformal antenna published in 2016"
Patent•
08 Feb 2016TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus includes a substrate package and a three-dimensional antenna structure formed in the substrate package, and the 3D antenna structure includes multiple substructures to enable the antenna structure to operate as a beamforming antenna.
Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate package and a three dimensional (3D) antenna structure formed in the substrate package. The 3D antenna structure includes multiple substructures to enable the 3D antenna structure to operate as a beam-forming antenna. Each of the multiple substructures has a slanted-plate configuration or a slanted-loop configuration.
114 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The conformal array antenna theory and design is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
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107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency and pattern-reconfigurable antenna based on a center-shorted microstrip patch is presented, which utilizes two resonance modes of a microstrip antenna with shorting vias at the patch center.
Abstract: A frequency- and pattern-reconfigurable antenna based on a center-shorted microstrip patch is presented. The novel design utilizes two resonance modes of a microstrip antenna with shorting vias at the patch center. To set up the antenna tuning mechanism, two groups of varactors with a measured tuning range of [0.149, 1.304] pF are placed at two opposite sides of the antenna, followed by open-circuited loading stubs. For a particular bias voltage configuration, the structure operates as a dual-band antenna with broadside radiation at the upper resonance frequency and monopole-like radiation at the lower band. By varying the dc bias voltage, both resonance frequencies can be changed simultaneously. Based on the proposed concept, a demonstration antenna has been designed so that the two types of aforementioned patterns can be reconfigured across a continuous fractional frequency range of more than 20%. Experimental results are provided, which validate the proposed concept and design procedure.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band and dual circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is proposed, which consists of two circular eccentric rings (CECRs) with different sizes, each work as a single-band circular polarization radiator and are simultaneously excited by an arc-shaped strip.
Abstract: In this letter, a novel low-profile dual-band and dual circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of two circular eccentric rings (CECRs) with different sizes. The two eccentric rings each work as a single-band circular polarization radiator and are simultaneously excited by an arc-shaped strip. A lumped equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the operation mechanism of the antenna. In order to simplify the design procedure, empirical formulas are derived based on the physical parameters of the antenna. The proposed structure has been examined by both simulation and experiment, and both results agree very well.
75 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the quality factor of each characteristic mode effectively bounds the performance of any individual port excitation, and can be used to evaluate the fitness of the antenna for multiport excitation.
Abstract: We introduce a systematic approach to the shape optimization of compact, single-aperture MIMO antennas. Because the characteristic modes of a radiator represent its complete set of possible responses to an excitation, any port on the antenna must display the properties of a combination of one or more of these characteristic modes. By restricting our consideration to a class of symmetric antennas, the lowest order characteristic modes of a structure can be separated with practical decoupling networks, studied, and excited independently. We show that the quality factor of each characteristic mode effectively bounds the performance of any individual port excitation, and can be used to evaluate the fitness of the antenna for multiport excitation. Under this framework, we apply a genetic algorithm (GA) to synthesize low $Q$ MIMO antennas while minimizing conductor area. Feed locations are specified on the optimized shape based on the weighted excitation strength of the desired modes, and a two-port MIMO antenna is implemented and measured, verifying the proposed theory.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-band microstrip patch antenna that employs a metamaterial-based electromagnetic bandgap (MTM-EBG) integrated into its radiating edges to support two distinct operating frequencies is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel dual-band microstrip patch antenna that employs a metamaterial-based electromagnetic bandgap (MTM-EBG) integrated into its radiating edges to support two distinct operating frequencies. The resulting antenna is compact, uniplanar, completely printable, and via-free. Dispersion engineering of the MTM-EBG unit cell through a rigorous multiconductor transmission-line analysis allows simple, systematic design for two or more arbitrary frequencies. Additionally, a novel approach is taken to employ the same MTM-EBG to impedance-match the antenna to an inset microstrip feed at both operating frequencies. A dual-band MTM-EBG antenna designed to radiate at 2.4 and 5.0 GHz is simulated and tested, and experimental results demonstrate radiation performance comparable to the corresponding conventional patch antennas in excellent agreement with simulations, while also affording some degree of miniaturization at lower frequencies.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a planar beam-steerable antenna aimed at WiMAX and WLAN applications is presented, which uses a single-layer structure, which includes a central circular disc surrounded by four PIN-controlled tapered microstrip stubs.
Abstract: A planar beam-steerable antenna aimed at WiMAX and WLAN applications is presented. The design uses a single-layer structure, which includes a central circular disc surrounded by four PIN-controlled tapered microstrip stubs. Using the PIN diodes, the stubs change their status from grounded to open-ended mode to provide pattern reconfigurability in four directions. To support WiMAX and WLAN applications, the antenna is designed to operate at IEEE 802.11b/g standard 2.4 GHz with a bandwidth of 150 MHz in all the four states. A prototype on FR4 substrate with thickness of 6.4 mm and radius of 50 mm is designed and tested. The measured and simulated results of the antenna indicate that the direction of the main beam can be successfully controlled at four specific directions ( $ \varphi = 0^{\circ}$ , 90 $^{\circ}$ , 180 $^{\circ}$ , 270 $^{\circ}$ ), at a deflection angle of 35 $^{\circ}$ from the boresight with a stable gain of more than 5 dBi and front-to-back ratio of more than 20 dB across the band 2.38–2.53 GHz.
62 citations
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: In this paper geometry of the antenna and various parameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are presented & discussed and they are in good match with simulated results.
Abstract: This paper presents a low profile microstrip patch antenna for next generation 5G devices. The proposed patch antenna has a compact structure of 20mm × 20mm × 1.6mm including the ground plane, which is suitable to be used in handheld devices. The antenna resonates at 10.15 GHz covering 5G frequency band. The proposed design provides a gain of 4.46dBi and the radiation pattern is omni-directional. In this paper geometry of the antenna and various parameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are presented & discussed. Measured results are also presented and they are in good match with simulated results.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-frequency broadband design of a stacked microstrip monopolar patch antenna is proposed for WLAN applications, which is composed of a via-loaded ring on the bottom layer and a circular patch on the top layer, both of which are coupled-fed by a circular coupler.
Abstract: A novel dual-frequency broadband design of a stacked microstrip monopolar patch antenna is proposed for WLAN applications. The antenna is composed of a via-loaded ring on the bottom layer and a circular patch on the top layer, both of which are coupled-fed by a circular coupler. A broad lower band is generated by converging the TM
01
and TM
02
modes of the via-loaded ring, and a broad upper band is yielded by coupling the TM
03
mode of the via-loaded ring and the TM
02
mode of the circular patch. Measured results show that the proposed antenna provides a broad lower band from 2.28 to 2.55 GHz and a broad upper band from 5.15 to 5.9 GHz with a low profile of 6 mm. Monopole-like radiation patterns are obtained in the dual bands with peak gains in the lower and upper bands of about 5 and 6 dBi, respectively.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-polarized stacked patch antenna element for wide-angle scanning satcom on the move applications at Ka-band is presented, which operates from 27.8 to 30.8 GHz.
Abstract: A novel dual-polarized stacked patch antenna element for wide-angle scanning satcom on the move applications at Ka-band is presented. The proposed highly integrated multilayer unit cell element operates from 27.8 to 30.8 GHz with excellent scan performance up to ±60° in both $E$ - and $H$ -planes. High port-to-port isolation in the entire scan volume evidences the antenna’s distinguished suitability for integration into an active folded reflectarray transceiver architecture. Parasitic effects in planar array antennas degrading the intended scan volume are investigated using the infinite array analysis, and measures are introduced to suppress them efficiently. To validate the proposed antenna design, several configurations were fabricated and measured successfully. The experimental results show close agreement with the simulations and indicate its excellent scanning capabilities.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a compact monopole wideband antenna is designed and manufactured for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications, where rectangular and triangular slots are etched from the partial ground and from the center of the rectangular patch respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, a compact monopole wideband antenna is designed and manufactured for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. In order to extend the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, rectangular and triangular slots are etched from the partial ground and from the center of the rectangular patch respectively. Also, by cutting the lower corners of the radiating patch using stepped technique, additional resonances are regenerated and lead to further improvement in the covered bandwidth. The proposed patch antenna has advantageous of compactness its overall size equals 40 × 40 mm2.Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna design exhibits a bandwidth from 2.9 – 19.2 GHz for VSWR< 2. The antenna structure provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of 148%. These inherent characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for efficient transmission and reception in UWB systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1514–1519, 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstrip antenna integrated with inverted U-shaped microstrip resonators and line resonators is presented at 5.25 GHz frequency band (WLAN band) for reduction of mutual coupling between the closely spaced antenna elements, in order to achieve compactness of the MIMO structure.
Abstract: A compact 4-channel multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna integrated with inverted U-shaped microstrip resonators and line resonators is presented at 5.25 GHz frequency band (WLAN band). Microstrip resonators have been introduced for reduction of mutual coupling between the closely spaced antenna elements. A distance of 0.5 λ is kept between adjacent patch elements, in order to achieve compactness of the MIMO structure. The simulation results show that the introduction of resonators of electrical length 2 λ g ( λ g = guided wave length) between antenna elements leads to suppression of mutual coupling by 44 dB at resonance frequency between the horizontal antenna elements. If line resonators of optimized length 22.1 mm (0.8 λ g ) are introduced, then each of them suppresses the mutual coupling between the vertical elements by more than 35 dB at resonance. The length, width and distance between two arms of the inverted U-shaped resonator have been optimized to achieve minimum mutual coupling. The antenna with a compact structure based on the design has a peak gain of 10.54 dBi and a band width of 250 MHz. The antennas have been fabricated, measured and a good agreement between simulation and measured results are observed.
TL;DR: A criterion for choosing a proper shape of the antenna ground plane is suggested, which can improve the antenna robustness with respect to the random variations of the body-antenna coupling scenario, but with a minimal impact on the antenna size.
Abstract: The robustness of wearable UHF-band planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs), with respect to body–antenna separation and human tissue dispersion, is addressed through numerical investigations. The main goal is gaining physical insights into the relationship between the grounded antenna performance and the distribution of the electric and magnetic energy densities in the antenna near-field region close to the ground plane border. A criterion for choosing a proper shape of the antenna ground plane is suggested, which can improve the antenna robustness with respect to the random variations of the body–antenna coupling scenario, but with a minimal impact on the antenna size.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide design guidelines for the excitation of broadband slotted planar antennas, addressing key issues such as coupling, symmetries and multiple feeding, and demonstrate that an optimum choice of the feeding mechanism can be made according to the current distribution of the desired modes.
Abstract: This paper provides some design guidelines for the excitation of broadband slotted planar antennas, addressing key issues such as coupling, symmetries and multiple feeding. The theory of characteristic modes (CMs) is used to identify the collection of current modes that exists on these structures, dealing to a valuable understanding of the radiating mechanisms and allowing a more controlled design process. Modal analysis of a circular aperture cut on a finite square ground plane is presented in order to demonstrate that an optimum choice of the feeding mechanism can be made according to the current distribution of the desired modes. Based on the information yielded by this modal analysis, a capacitive-coupled dual-feed circular aperture antenna is presented. This antenna takes advantage of the symmetries of the characteristic currents by making use of multiple feeding, in order to excite only some particular modes. Usage of commonly-fed and differentially-fed configurations enables an increased control of the excitation of modes in the structure. CM analysis of the antenna including the feeding structures is presented, showing the influence of the feeding lines in the performance of this type of antennas. A prototype of the antenna has been fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results are presented, being in good agreement.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) higher-order cavity fed $2 \times 2$ -element slot array is proposed to enhance the bandwidth, which is designed as an asymmetric structure with different slot sizes and locations.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) higher order mode cavity fed $2 \times 2$ -element slot array. The higher order mode cavity feeds all of the slot elements simultaneously, and the resonant mode is excited only by a slot aperture, which helps simplify the feeding network. To enhance the bandwidth, the array is designed as an asymmetric structure with different slot sizes and locations. In this way, new resonances are introduced and thus broaden the bandwidth. Furthermore, the proposed $2 \times 2$ -element slot array is used as subarray to implement a differentially fed $4 \times 4$ -element array. The measured results demonstrate that this simple structure antenna array features wideband, high radiation efficiency, good aperture efficiency, and broadside radiation.
TL;DR: In this article, a wideband microstrip multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with U-shaped slot is presented, where two types of resonant modes are excited, including slot mode and monopole mode.
Abstract: A wideband microstrip multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with U-shaped slot is presented in this letter. To widen the impedance bandwidth, uniform and stepped U-shaped slot antennas are sequentially investigated. Two types of resonant modes are excited, including slot mode and monopole mode. Then, additional multiple slots embedded inside the U-shaped slot are employed to further widen the bandwidth. The proposed slot antenna features wide bandwidth (109%) and compact slot size ( 0.16λ
g
×0.27λ
g
, where λ
g
is the guided wavelength at the lowest operating frequency) simultaneously. The proposed slot antenna element is then applied in the MIMO antenna system. Both the two antennas are suitable for handheld devices, covering GPS/GSM1800/LTE/UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX/UWB (lower) band.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 900-MHz meander planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) on a magneto-dielectric nanocomposite (MDNC) substrate for mobile communication is presented.
Abstract: A 900-MHz meander planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) on a magneto-dielectric nanocomposite (MDNC) substrate for mobile communication is presented. Cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized with polymer matrix, and its properties were measured up to 4 GHz. Bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of antenna on different substrates (MDNC, High K material, and FR4) were compared, and it is demonstrated that MDNC is beneficial for antenna miniaturization with acceptable antenna performance. Head effects due to the antenna were studied, and specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated. The simulation results demonstrate that the MDNC reduces the head effects and the magnetic loss of MDNC helps to decrease SAR due to the antenna.
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape of a typical rectangular patch is modified in order to reduce it resonance frequency keeping the physical volume of the antenna constant, and the initial patch is divided into 10× 10 small uniform rectangles (Pixel), and the genetic algorithm searches, the optimal configuration for the desired goal.
Abstract: The miniaturization of the patch antenna has become an important issue in reducing the volume of entire communication system. This paper presents an improved method of size reduction of a microstrip antenna using the genetic algorithm. The shape of a typical rectangular patch is modified in order to reduce it resonance frequency keeping the physical volume of the antenna constant. Indeed, the initial patch is divided into 10× 10 small uniform rectangles (Pixel), and the genetic algorithm searches, the optimal configuration for the desired goal. The resonance frequency of a micro-strip patch is shifted from 4. 9G Hz to 2.16 GHz and a rate of miniaturization is up to 82%. To validate the procedure, an antenna prototype has been fabricated and tested with an FR4 substrate. The measurements results were in good agreement with simulation ones.
TL;DR: In this article, a multiband microstrip patch antenna can resonate at 7 unique frequencies between 4 GHz and 14 GHz with a rectangular slot inserted in the ground plane of the patch antenna.
TL;DR: Two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas are designed with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) that have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.
Abstract: Wireless local area network (WLAN) is a technology that combines computer network with wireless communication technology. The 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band can be used in the WLAN environment. Because of the development of wireless communication technology and the use of the frequency bands without the need for authorization, the application of WLAN is becoming more and more extensive. As the key part of the WLAN system, the antenna must also be adapted to the development of WLAN communication technology. This paper designs two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The two antennas adopt ordinary FR4 material as a dielectric substrate, with the advantages of low cost and small size. The first antenna adopts microstrip line feeding, and the antenna radiation patch is composed of a folded T-shaped radiating dipole which reduces the antenna size, and two symmetrical rectangular patches located on both sides of the T-shaped radiating patch. The second antenna is a microstrip patch antenna fed by coaxial line, and the size of the antenna is diminished by opening a stepped groove on the two edges of the patch and a folded slot inside the patch. Simulation experiments prove that the two designed antennas have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.
TL;DR: The software simulated results are shows that the proposed antenna array provides good performance in terms of return loss, VSWR and Gain.
TL;DR: In this article, a broadband end-fire planar circuit antenna was proposed for applications in microwave, millimetre (mm) and sub-millimeter (sub-mm) wavelengths, where two printed directors and a truncated ground plane were used to achieve high front-to-back gain ratio.
Abstract: We present a broadband end-fire planar circuit antenna that is suitable for applications in microwave, millimetre (mm) and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) wavelengths. We have cascaded two dipoles of different lengths in series to broaden the bandwidth. Two printed directors and a truncated ground plane are used to achieve high front-to-back (F/B) gain ratio. The parallel stripline feeding the antenna’s drivers is connected directly to microstrip without an intermediate stage. This simple antenna design is easily integrated into microstrip circuits. In this paper, we focus on the design of a Ku-band antenna with 7 GHz bandwidth and F/B gain ratio of 18 dB. Design and analysis of the antenna were performed using rigorous electromagnetic simulations, and we experimentally validated the performance of the antenna by measuring the beam patterns and return loss of an antenna fabricated on a Roger RO 4350 printed circuit board. Finally, we present two unique example applications of the antenna in the sub-mm detectors area.
TL;DR: In this article, an open-slot antenna with a patch-protruded feeding topology is proposed to provide a large bandwidth, which covers the operation bandwidth of a satellite digital audio radio service system.
Abstract: A design with broadband and circularly polarized radiation from an open-slot antenna has been successfully demonstrated in this communication. The proposed antenna, which consists of an open slot and a patch-protruded feeding topology, provides a large bandwidth, which covers the operation bandwidth of a satellite digital audio radio service system. The open slot is formed by an L-shape conducted strip asymmetrically connected at the edge of the ground plane. After optimization, the final structure, which measured 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth for the left-hand circular polarization is 2.47 GHz (76%) from 2.00 to 4.47 GHz; meanwhile, the measured impedance bandwidth of a reflection coefficient less than −10 dB ranges from 1.22 to 5.97 GHz, a 4.75-GHz impedance bandwidth (133%).
TL;DR: Diversified radiation patterns make the proposed CDRA suitable for different wireless applications and the proposed radiator is quite suitable for WiMAX (2.5 GHz) and vehicular applications.
Abstract: This paper examines a triple band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with three different radiating modes, i.e., HEM118, TM018, and HEM128. Excitation of all these radiating modes simultaneously, in CDRA, is the most challenging task, which have been accomplished by using composite feeding structure [combination of vertical strip and psi-shaped (ψ) microstrip line]. Out of three radiating mode, two hybrid modes (i.e., HEM118 and HEM128) radiate in broadside direction, while remaining one (TM018) creates monopole like radiation pattern. Diversified radiation patterns make the proposed CDRA suitable for different wireless applications. Simulated outcomes of the proposed antenna design have been practically confirmed with the help of archetype of proposed antenna. The proposed CDRA is working in three different frequency bands: 2.5-3.02, 3.76-3.86, and 4.38-4.72 GHz. The proposed radiator is quite suitable for WiMAX (2.5 GHz) and vehicular applications.
01 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar, printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration was proposed for 4G LTE applications.
Abstract: In this work, a wide-band, planar, printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration. The MIMO antenna system consists of 4-elements operating at 2.1 GHz frequency band for 4G LTE applications. The proposed design is compact, low profile and suitable for wireless handheld devices. The MIMO antenna is fabricated on commercially available FR4 substrate with e r equal to 4.4. The dimensions of single element are 26×6 mm2 with board volume equal to 100×60×0.8 mm3. Isolation is improved by 5 dB in the proposed design using ground slots. Characteristics mode analysis (CMA) is used to analyze the behaviour of the antenna system.
TL;DR: In this article, a cylindrically conformal four-element slot array with enhanced axial radiation is proposed, which adopts conformal dual U-shaped slots with two low-profile cavities to obtain the tilted radiation.
Abstract: A cylindrically conformal four-element slot array with enhanced axial radiation is proposed in this letter. To realize the axial radiation, first the element adopts conformal dual U-shaped slots with two low-profile cavities to obtain the tilted radiation. Second, four conformal elements integrated uniformly at the circumference of the metallic cylindrical shell are fed by a 1-to-4 microstrip feed network with a 90° sequential phase difference to obtain the axial radiation. Both simulated and measured results are presented and confirm that the 10-dB impedance bandwidth is larger than 400 MHz, covering the frequency range from 3 to 3.4 GHz, and the maximum axial radiation gain is 5.12 dBic. The proposed conformal array has a low profile with only about $0.03{\lambda _0}$ , which can be mounted on the surface of any carrier conveniently.
TL;DR: In this paper, a folded half-mode substrate-integrated cavity antenna is proposed and designed to reduce the antenna size in one of the dimensions, and as an additional significant advantage for practical applications, the folded geometry allows a planar feeding structure using a shielded stripline.
Abstract: The half-mode substrate-integrated cavity antenna is a promising candidate for wearable applications because of its planar structure and high isolation from environmental effects. However, for operation at 2.45-GHz ISM band, the cavity dimensions are relatively large. To reduce the antenna size in one of the dimensions, a folded half-mode substrate-integrated cavity antenna is proposed and designed. Furthermore, as an additional significant advantage for practical applications, the folded geometry allows a planar feeding structure using a shielded stripline. A prototype of the folded cavity antenna has been fabricated using textile materials and computerized embroidery. The measured reflection coefficient and radiation patterns of the prototype compare well with the simulation results and demonstrate the feasibility of the design.
TL;DR: A 3-D cube antenna with application in wireless sensor network is presented and a horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation pattern in azimuth plane was obtained by employing microstrip-fed3-D folded slot antenna topology.
Abstract: A 3-D cube antenna with application in wireless sensor network is presented in this letter. Employing microstrip-fed 3-D folded slot antenna topology, a horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation pattern in azimuth plane was obtained. The structure that is compatible with 3-D printing was fabricated from RO3003 substrate and Objet VeroGray material. The interior of the cubic structure can be used to place electronic circuits of transceiver and sensor. Measurement results verify simulation, and a maximum gain of 1.95 dBi in the azimuth plane and bandwidth of 14% at the center frequency of 2.495 GHz were achieved. The cubic antenna has an edge length of 33 mm and covers the ISM 2.45-GHz frequency band, which has vast application in wireless sensor networks and telecommunication devices.
TL;DR: Dual band Microstrip-Line-Fed low profile Microstrip Patch Antenna is proposed for wireless applications and shows good radiation characteristics with peak gain of 8.1 dBi.
Abstract: Dual band Microstrip-Line-Fed low profile Microstrip Patch Antenna is proposed for wireless applications. A rotated rectangular shaped defect is embedded in the ground plane and fed with a 50-ź open ended Microstrip-Line. Dual band is achieved at 2.55 and 7.55 GHz. Antenna shows good radiation characteristics with peak gain of 8.1 dBi. Proposed antenna may be used for WiMAX applications with omnidirectional radiation pattern. Theoretical analysis is done for the proposed antenna by equivalent circuit model approach. Further, corners of the rectangular defect are truncated and a defected square ring is inserted inside the truncated-corners-rectangular-defect on the ground plane. 40 % of miniaturization is achieved and antenna starts to respond at 1.55 GHz with better radiation characteristics in both planes. Measured results of fabricated antennas are in good match with theoretical and simulated results.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a novel hexa-band coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna that consists of three asymmetric fork-shaped radiating elements incorporating U-shaped radii with a slit.
Abstract: Empirical results are presented for a novel hexa-band coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna that consists of three asymmetric fork-shaped radiating elements incorporating U-shaped radiators with a slit. Each of the three branched radiators generates triple resonant frequencies within the L, S, C and X bands. U-shaped elements with a slit contribute toward generating resonant frequencies at lower band of the antenna. The asymmetrical fork-shaped elements enhance the impedance matching properties of the antenna and reduce its stopband. The proposed antenna design resonates at 1.3, 1.75, 3.35, 4.85, 6.5 and 7.6 GHz that covers the following wireless communications standards: global system for mobile communications (GSM) (880–960 MHz), digital cellular system (DCS) (1.71–1.88 GHz), personal communication system (PCS) (1.85–1.99 GHz), Bluetooth (2.402–2.480 GHz), wireless local area network (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (2.3–2.4/2.496–2.690/3.3–3.8 GHz), wireless fidelity (2.412–2.4835/4.9–5.9 GHz). A prototype hexa-band antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured results conform to the simulated ones. The proposed antenna essentially radiates omnidirectionally in both the E and H planes with a peak gain of 5.27 dBi and efficiency of 81.3% at 4.85 GHz. The antenna has dimensions of 35 × 26 mm2. The antenna is an excellent candidate for multiband and broadband communication applications.