抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

This chapter presents a novel cattle recognition system using hybrid texture feature of muzzle point pattern for identification and classification of cattle breeds. The major contributions of this research are (1) preparation of muzzle point image database, (2) extraction of hybrid texture features of muzzle point images of cattle dataset, (3) classification of cattle using classification models such as K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), Fuzzy-K-NN, Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Multilayer Perceptron(MLP), and Naive Bays. In addition, the proposed approach is validated by achieving the state-of-the-art accuracy on muzzle point image database of cattle with standard identification settings.

Identification of Cattle Based on Muzzle Point Pattern: A Hybrid Feature Extraction Paradigm

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Dept of Agril Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar Haryana, India during the Rabi season in the 2017-18. Experimental designed laid out with split plot, as main plot treatment: three growing environment i.e. D1-1st week of November, D2-3rd week of November and D3-1st week of December with sub plot treatment viz., V1: WH-1105, V2: HD-3086, V3; HD-2967 and V4: WH-1080. Humidity in the atmosphere is of great biological importance. Measurements relative humidity was made at 2.30 hourly intervals throughout the observation day with the help of Psychrometric. The relative humidity profiles were lapse inside the crop canopy throughout the day but profiles were near iso-humic at 0930 hours in all treatments during both the crop seasons. Decrease in relative humidity with height from the ground.

https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue2/PartL/8-1-606-354.pdf

Profile of relative humidity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop

Of the 30 major cropping systems identified in India (Yadav and Prasad, 1998), rice-wheat cropping system is the most predominant in India occupying around 10.5 m ha area (Sharma 2009). Among cereals, rice and wheat are the most important crops, which account for about 60% of world’s human energy requirement. This system contributes about 75% of the nation's total food grain production, thus forms the backbone of food security (Lathwal et al., 2010). Wheat International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

/pdf/influence-of-integrated-plant-nutrition-system-on-growth-33zdqxcdn4.pdf

Influence of Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Growth, Development and Yield of Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Hilly Area of India

Background: One of the most common causes of morbidity caused during adhesiolysis is inadvertent enterotomy. It is important to have awareness about the adhesiolysis-related morbidity to properly inform the patients of the risks before surgery, for surgeons to take these risks into consideration while making operative decisions, and to get better at the diagnosis of post-operative complications. Patients and Methods: We did a prospective observational study on 55 patients who underwent laparotomy for adhesiolysis at the J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer. Study period was 24 months, from January 2015 to January 2017, including a follow-up period of 6 months. Our primary aim was to do a detailed assessment and analysis of adhesiolysis and to assess the post-operative complications related to adhesiolysis. Results: The incidence of full thickness bowel defects was 9 (16.36%). Bowel resection and anastomosis were required in five operations (55.56%). The severity of adhesions and adhesiolysis time was more with patients with two or more previous laparotomies, mean 132 ± 40.27 min. Re-admission rates were also much higher in patients who had enterotomy. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the substantial clinical burden of adhesiolysis, particularly when a bowel defect occurs.

A prospective study of morbidity during adhesiolysis

In the digital information age, multimedia contents, such as text, image, audio, video, and 3D computer graphic models, can be easily copied, manipulated, and distributed over the Internet. It emerges from the fact that many innovative techniques to protect the data transmission, storage, sharing, and processing of multimedia contents have been recently developed and used. The prime motive behind attacks can be to alter, modify, or even delete the multimedia contents to illegally claim ownership or to prevent the information transfer to intended recipients. Therefore, addressing these challenges has been an interesting problem for researchers in the field. Digital watermarking is a data hiding technique for inserting multimedia information, also known as watermark, into a multimedia data, which can be later extracted or detected for a variety of purposes, including identification and authentication in many applications. Robustness, imperceptibility, capacity, security, and computational cost are important characteristics for the general watermarking system. However, there exist some tradeoffs between the robustness, imperceptibility, and capacity characteristics of the watermark. Therefore, some optimization techniques are required to balance these characteristics. In recent years, different machine learning methods are used as an optimization technique to offer the optimal balance between imperceptibility and robustness. In addition, to enhance the robustness and security of the watermark, researchers are using machine learning methods.

Amit Singh

Papers

Identification of Cattle Based on Muzzle Point Pattern: A Hybrid Feature Extraction Paradigm

Profile of relative humidity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop

Influence of Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Growth, Development and Yield of Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Hilly Area of India

A prospective study of morbidity during adhesiolysis

Introduction to the Special Issue on Recent Developments in Multimedia Watermarking Using Machine Learning