抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) known as “The king of fibre” and the leading fibre crop of the India. Cotton is an important raw material for the Indian textile industry and an important cash crop of the country. The cotton crop also called „white gold‟ enjoys a premier position amongst all commercial crops in India. In India, the cotton productivity is very low as compared to other countries. But after the launching of \"Technology Mission on Cotton\" by Government of India in February 2000, the significant achievements have been made in increasing yield and productivity through development of high yielding varieties, better farm management practices, increased area under cultivation of Bt cotton hybrids. After introduction of transgenic Bt hybrid cotton in India, the productivity of cotton has increased substantially from 303 to 561 kg/ha within a span of seven years (Tayade et al., 2011). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Influence of Different Levels of Fertility and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield of Bt Cotton

Abstract This current study aims to extract bamboo fibers from different species of bamboo using the mechanochemical method and investigate their properties. The bamboo species used in this study were Dendrocalamus, Bambusa balcoaa, Oliveri, Asamica, and Chimono. The vacuum-pressurized impregnation treatment process was employed for treating the bamboo. The mechanochemical method was chosen for extracting the bamboo fibers due to its simplicity and efficiency. The yield percentage of the bamboo fibers was determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed an increase in the crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with subsequent treatments in the presence of NaOH, as evidenced by two well-defined peaks at 2θ = 17.6° and 2θ = 22.7°. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups in the bamboo fibers, indicated by the –OH expanding and contracting vibration at the band around 3311 cm−1. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of the bamboo fibers, and the results demonstrated that chimino bamboo fiber exhibited the highest level of thermal stability compared to other treated bamboo fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for morphological characterization, providing insights into the surface morphology of the bamboo fibers. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that bamboo fibers, particularly of the chimino type, have the potential to serve as a viable reinforcement in polymeric composites for lightweight applications in various industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and packaging.

A novel approach to extract and characterize vacuum-pressurized bamboo fibers using mechano-chemical techniques

The study was conducted in Sahiwal cattle for genome wide identification and annotation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (INDELs) in Sahiwal cattle. The double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing, a reduced representation method was used for the identification of variants at nucleotide level. A total of 1,615,211 variants were identified at RD10 and Q30 consisting of 1,480,930 SNPs and 134,281 INDELs with respect to the Bos taurus reference genome. The SNPs were annotated for their location, impact and functional class. The SNPs identified in Sahiwal cattle were found to be associated with a total of 26,229 genes. A total of 1819 SNPs were annotated for 209 candidate genes associated with different production and reproduction traits. The variants identified in the present study may be useful to strengthen the existing bovine SNP chips for reducing the biasness over the taurine cattle breeds. The diversity analysis provides the insight of the genetic architecture of the Sahiwal population Studied. The large genetic variations identified at the nucleotide level provide ample scope for implementing an effective and efficient breed improvement programme for increasing the productivity of Sahiwal cattle.

Genome wide mining of SNPs and INDELs through ddRAD sequencing in Sahiwal cattle.

Aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of kerosene oil as a clearing agent for tissue processing, haematoxylin & Eosin stains in contrast with traditionally used xylene. The study was conducted using three types of clearing agents xylene, kerosene and mixture of xylene kerosene oil in the ratio 50:50. Hundred cases of biopsies for each clearing agent were compared on the basis of ribboning, thin section, section cutting, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, differential staining, clarity and uniformity of the tissue sections. Biopsy specimen was received in the Department of Pathology G.G.S Medical College and Hospital. The investigation of all cases was compared by using the routine method of histopathology lab. Results related to the tissue processing, section cutting and staining were obtained after the microscopy investigation by the residents. The xylene processed tissue produced better thin sections and ribboning during section cutting than those processed in mixture of kerosene and xylene and kerosene alone being the least suitable agent in case of thin section cutting. The nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining and Differential were better processed in xylene than those processed in mixture of kerosene and xylene and kerosene alone. The clarity and uniformity was not satisfactory by using the mixture of kerosene and xylene while kerosene alone than xylene processed tissues.

Comparing the efficacy of xylene and kerosene oil as a clearing agent during processing and staining in histopathology

A prosthesis is loaded by forces and torques exerted by its wearer, the amputee, and should withstand instances of peak loads without failure. Traditionally, strong prosthetic sockets were made using a composite with a variety of reinforcing fibres, such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Amputees in less-resourced nations can lack access to composite prosthetic sockets due to their unavailability or prohibitive cost. Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre-reinforced composites as a low-cost sustainable composite for producing functional lower-limb prosthetic sockets. Two types of these composites were manufactured using woven and knitted fabric with a vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) process. For direct comparison purposes, traditional prosthetic-socket materials were also manufactured from laminated composite (glass-fibre-reinforced (GFRP)), monolithic thermoplastic (polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) were also manufactured. Dog-bone-shaped specimens were cut from flat laminates and monolithic thermoplastic to evaluate their mechanical properties following ASTM standards. The mechanical properties of PET-woven and PET-knitted composites were found to have demonstrated to be considerably superior to those of traditional socket materials, such as PP and HDPE. All the materials were also tested in the socket form using a bespoke test rig reproducing forefoot loading according to the ISO standard 10328. The static structural test of sockets revealed that all met the target load-bearing capacity of 125 kg. Like GFRP, the PETW and PETK sockets demonstrated higher deformation and stiffness resistance than their monolithic counterparts made from PP and HDPE. As a result, it was concluded that the PET-based composite could replace monolithic socket materials in producing durable and affordable prostheses.

/pdf/strength-assessment-of-pet-composite-prosthetic-sockets-7ptezrim.pdf

Amit Singh

Papers

Influence of Different Levels of Fertility and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield of Bt Cotton

A novel approach to extract and characterize vacuum-pressurized bamboo fibers using mechano-chemical techniques

Genome wide mining of SNPs and INDELs through ddRAD sequencing in Sahiwal cattle.

Comparing the efficacy of xylene and kerosene oil as a clearing agent during processing and staining in histopathology

Strength Assessment of PET Composite Prosthetic Sockets