抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Aiming at the problem of the security of secret information in various potential applications, we introduce a robust information hiding algorithm based on lossless encryption, non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), Hessen-berg decomposition (HD) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Firstly, the carrier and secret mark information is transformed by NSCT-HD-SVD. Secondly, the singular score of secret media information is concealed in the carrier image. Thirdly, the text document is further concealed in the carrier marked image via pseudo magic cubes to achieve the final carrier marked image. Finally, the lossless encryption scheme is utilized to encrypt the final marked image. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm indicate good invisibility and robustness effect compared to existing schemes with high security and hiding efficiency. It indicates a considerable improvement in robustness of up to 96.36% over other schemes. Overall, the proposed algorithm for various images, achieved peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized correlation (NC), structural similarity index (SSIM), number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) and unified averaged changed intensity (UACI) of up to 67.36 dB, 0.9996, 1.0000, 0.9964 and 0.4005, respectively, indicating its effectiveness for secure media applications.

A robust information hiding algorithm based on lossless encryption and NSCT-HD-SVD

Secondary infections are frequent complications of viral respiratory infections but the potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with common pulmonary pathogens is poorly understood. We report that co-infection of human ACE2 transgenic mice with sublethal doses of SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae results in synergistic lung inflammation and lethality. Mortality was observed regardless of whether SARS-CoV-2 challenge occurred before or after establishment of sublethal pneumococcal infection. Increased bacterial levels following co-infection were associated with alveolar macrophage depletion and treatment with murine GM-CSF reduced lung bacteria numbers and pathology, and partially protected from death. However, therapeutic targeting of interferons, an approach that is effective against influenza co-infections, failed to increase survival. Combined vaccination against both SARS-CoV-2 and pneumococci resulted in 100% protection against subsequent co-infection. The results indicate that when seasonal respiratory infections return to pre-pandemic levels, they could lead to an increased incidence of lethal COVID-19 superinfections, especially among the unvaccinated population. .

/pdf/lethal-synergy-between-sars-cov-2-and-streptococcus-27kc9v0o.pdf

Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.

Special issue on cognitive big data analytics for business intelligence applications: Towards performance improvement

Tuberculosis is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and the prevalence of latent tuberculosis acts as a huge roadblock in the global effort to eradicate tuberculosis. Most of the currently available anti-tubercular drugs act against the actively replicating form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and are not effective against the non-replicating dormant form present in latent tuberculosis. With about 30% of the global population harbouring latent tuberculosis and the requirement for prolonged treatment duration with the available drugs in such cases, the rate of adherence and successful completion of therapy is low. This necessitates the discovery of new drugs effective against latent tuberculosis. In this work, we have employed a combination of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approaches to identify potential targets and lead candidates against latent tuberculosis. Our customised pipeline adopts transcriptome-integrated metabolic flux analysis combined with an analysis of a transcriptome-integrated protein-protein interaction network to identify perturbations in dormant Mtb which leads to a shortlist of 6 potential drug targets. We perform a further selection of the candidate targets and identify potential leads for 3 targets using a range of bioinformatics methods including structural modelling, binding site association and ligand fingerprint similarities. Put together, we identify potential new strategies for targeting latent tuberculosis, new candidate drug targets as well as important lead clues for drug design.

/pdf/a-multi-pronged-computational-pipeline-for-prioritizing-drug-3is152kxrr.pdf

A Multi-Pronged Computational Pipeline for Prioritizing Drug Target Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis.

With the great development of multimedia technology and applications, it becomes important to provide a thorough understanding of the existing literature. This aim can be achieved by analysis of state of the art methodologies of multimedia applications. Wavelet transforms have been found very useful in a large variety of multimedia applications. It ranges from simple imaging to complex computer vision applications. One of the major advantages of the wavelet transform is that it meets the need of majority of applications and can be combined with machine and deep learning for performance enhancement. These applications include image fusion, image and video watermarking, object tracking, activity recognition, emotion recognition etc. This chapter aims to provide a brief introduction to the development of multimedia applications in the wavelet domain. Some major multimedia applications of the wavelet transforms have been discussed with their relevance and real life applications.

Amit Singh

Papers

A robust information hiding algorithm based on lossless encryption and NSCT-HD-SVD

Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.

Special issue on cognitive big data analytics for business intelligence applications: Towards performance improvement

A Multi-Pronged Computational Pipeline for Prioritizing Drug Target Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis.

Intelligent Wavelet Based Techniques for Advanced Multimedia Applications