Showing papers by "Yang Li published in 2016"
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Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, Lund University3, Erasmus University Medical Center4, Radboud University Nijmegen5, European Bioinformatics Institute6, University of Oslo7, Oslo University Hospital8, Gachon University9, Netherlands Cancer Institute10, Université libre de Bruxelles11, University of Antwerp12, Harvard University13, University of Amsterdam14, University of Ulsan15, Hanyang University16, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center17, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center18, French Institute of Health and Medical Research19, Ninewells Hospital20, ICM Partners21, University of Queensland22, University of Iceland23, Curie Institute24, University of Cambridge25, Institute of Cancer Research26, King's College London27, University of Bergen28, Singapore General Hospital29
TL;DR: This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operative, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer.
Abstract: We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing elevated mutation rates and do not contain driver mutations. Mutational signature analysis was extended to genome rearrangements and revealed twelve base substitution and six rearrangement signatures. Three rearrangement signatures, characterized by tandem duplications or deletions, appear associated with defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair: one with deficient BRCA1 function, another with deficient BRCA1 or BRCA2 function, the cause of the third is unknown. This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operating, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer.
1,696 citations
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TL;DR: KAT2A inhibition demonstrated anti-AML activity by inducing myeloid differentiation and apoptosis, and suppressed the growth of primary human AMLs of diverse genotypes while sparing normal hemopoietic stem-progenitor cells.
504 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the performance of the ATLAS muon identification and reconstruction using the first LHC dataset recorded at s√ = 13 TeV in 2015 was evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulations.
Abstract: This article documents the performance of the ATLAS muon identification and reconstruction using the first LHC dataset recorded at s√ = 13 TeV in 2015. Using a large sample of J/ψ→μμ and Z→μμ decays from 3.2 fb−1 of pp collision data, measurements of the reconstruction efficiency, as well as of the momentum scale and resolution, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The reconstruction efficiency is measured to be close to 99% over most of the covered phase space (|η| 2.2, the pT resolution for muons from Z→μμ decays is 2.9% while the precision of the momentum scale for low-pT muons from J/ψ→μμ decays is about 0.2%.
440 citations
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Ontario Institute for Cancer Research1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, University Health Network3, University of Toronto4, Nebraska Medical Center5, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre6, Mayo Clinic7, McGill University8, Los Alamos National Laboratory9, Carlos III Health Institute10, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute11, University of Cambridge12
TL;DR: It is found that pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis is neither gradual nor follows the accepted mutation order, and changes in DNA copy number and their associated rearrangements in tumour-enriched genomes are tracked and challenged.
Abstract: Pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive tumour type with uniformly poor prognosis, exemplifies the classically held view of stepwise cancer development. The current model of tumorigenesis, based on analyses of precursor lesions, termed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanINs) lesions, makes two predictions: first, that pancreatic cancer develops through a particular sequence of genetic alterations (KRAS, followed by CDKN2A, then TP53 and SMAD4); and second, that the evolutionary trajectory of pancreatic cancer progression is gradual because each alteration is acquired independently. A shortcoming of this model is that clonally expanded precursor lesions do not always belong to the tumour lineage, indicating that the evolutionary trajectory of the tumour lineage and precursor lesions can be divergent. This prevailing model of tumorigenesis has contributed to the clinical notion that pancreatic cancer evolves slowly and presents at a late stage. However, the propensity for this disease to rapidly metastasize and the inability to improve patient outcomes, despite efforts aimed at early detection, suggest that pancreatic cancer progression is not gradual. Here, using newly developed informatics tools, we tracked changes in DNA copy number and their associated rearrangements in tumour-enriched genomes and found that pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis is neither gradual nor follows the accepted mutation order. Two-thirds of tumours harbour complex rearrangement patterns associated with mitotic errors, consistent with punctuated equilibrium as the principal evolutionary trajectory. In a subset of cases, the consequence of such errors is the simultaneous, rather than sequential, knockout of canonical preneoplastic genetic drivers that are likely to set-off invasive cancer growth. These findings challenge the current progression model of pancreatic cancer and provide insights into the mutational processes that give rise to these aggressive tumours.
415 citations
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TL;DR: An angular analysis of the B0 → K*0(→ K+π−)μ+μ− decay is presented in this paper, where the angular observables and their correlations are reported in bins of q2, the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system.
Abstract: An angular analysis of the B0 → K*0(→ K+π−)μ+μ− decay is presented. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at the LHCb experiment. The complete angular information from the decay is used to determine CP-averaged observables and CP asymmetries, taking account of possible contamination from decays with the K+π− system in an S-wave configuration. The angular observables and their correlations are reported in bins of q2, the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system. The observables are determined both from an unbinned maximum likelihood fit and by using the principal moments of the angular distribution. In addition, by fitting for q2-dependent decay amplitudes in the region 1.1 < q2 < 6.0 GeV2/c4, the zero-crossing points of several angular observables are computed. A global fit is performed to the complete set of CP-averaged observables obtained from the maximum likelihood fit. This fit indicates differences with predictions based on the Standard Model at the level of 3.4 standard deviations. These differences could be explained by contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, or by an unexpectedly large hadronic effect that is not accounted for in the Standard Model predictions.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
376 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an independent b-tagging algorithm based on the reconstruction of muons inside jets as well as the b tagging algorithm used in the online trigger are also presented.
Abstract: The identification of jets containing b hadrons is important for the physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Several algorithms to identify jets containing b hadrons are described, ranging from those based on the reconstruction of an inclusive secondary vertex or the presence of tracks with large impact parameters to combined tagging algorithms making use of multi-variate discriminants. An independent b-tagging algorithm based on the reconstruction of muons inside jets as well as the b-tagging algorithm used in the online trigger are also presented. The b-jet tagging efficiency, the c-jet tagging efficiency and the mistag rate for light flavour jets in data have been measured with a number of complementary methods. The calibration results are presented as scale factors defined as the ratio of the efficiency (or mistag rate) in data to that in simulation. In the case of b jets, where more than one calibration method exists, the results from the various analyses have been combined taking into account the statistical correlation as well as the correlation of the sources of systematic uncertainty.
362 citations
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TL;DR: The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at s√= 8 TeV in 2012 is presented in this article, where the evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminometers.
Abstract: The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at s√= 8 TeV in 2012 is presented. The evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminometers ...
286 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that the ridge in pp collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in p+Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong sqrt[s] dependence.
Abstract: ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of relative azimuthal-angle, $\Delta \phi$, and pseudorapidity, $\Delta \eta$, in $\sqrt{s}$=13 and 2.76 TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|$<2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at $\Delta \phi \sim 0$ that extends over a wide range of $\Delta\eta$, which has been referred to as the "ridge". Per-trigger-particle yields, $Y(\Delta \phi)$, are measured over 2<$|\Delta\eta|$<5. For both collision energies, the $Y(\Delta \phi)$ distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 20 reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by $\cos{(2\Delta \phi)}$. The fitted Fourier coefficient, $v_{2,2}$, exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event $\cos{(2\phi)}$ modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients $v_2$. The $v_2$ values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dependence similar to that measured in $p$+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions. The $v_2$ values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in $pp$ collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in $p$+Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong $\sqrt{s}$ dependence.
246 citations
12 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The conceptual design report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the LBNF/DUNE is presented in this article.
Abstract: This document presents the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF/DUNE), a groundbreaking science experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies and for neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The DUNE far detector will be a very large modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) located deep underground, coupled to the LBNF multi-megawatt wide-band neutrino beam. DUNE will also have a high-resolution and high-precision near detector.
224 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum was performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an inte...
Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an inte ...
203 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets) produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model.
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12 Aug 2016
TL;DR: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-teV high-luminosity linear e+e-collider under development as discussed by the authors, which is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three center-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV.
Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons.
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TL;DR: A description of the proposed detector(s) for Dune at LBNF can be found in this paper, along with a description of Dune detector detector detector(S).
Abstract: A description of the proposed detector(s) for DUNE at LBNF
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TL;DR: Searches for new resonances decaying into two photons in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described in this article, based on protonproton collision data corresponding to two photons.
Abstract: Searches for new resonances decaying into two photons in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described. The analysis is based on protonproton collision data corresponding to ...
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TL;DR: MicroBooNE as mentioned in this paper is the first phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment of physics topics.
Abstract: This paper describes the design and construction of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber and associated systems. MicroBooNE is the first phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment of physics topics. In this document details of design specifications, assembly procedures, and acceptance tests are reported.
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TL;DR: In this article, a measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay B0→K∗(892)0μ+μ− is presented together with a determination of the S-wave fraction of B 0→K+π−μ +μ− decays.
Abstract: A measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay B0→K∗(892)0μ+μ− is presented together with a determination of the S-wave fraction of the K+π− system in the decay B0→K+π−μ+μ−. The analysis is based on pp-collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3\,fb−1 collected with the LHCb experiment. The measurements are made in bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system, q2. Precise theoretical predictions for the differential branching fraction of B0→K∗(892)0μ+μ− decays are available for the q2 region 1.1
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TL;DR: It is proposed that only cells insensitive to extracellular differentiation cues, capable of permanently silencing H1.0, can act as self-renewing tumor-maintaining cells and that such a mechanism supports maintenance of several types of cancer.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Cancer arises from clonal expansion of a single cell. Yet, most human cancers are characterized by extensive intratumor heterogeneity and comprise various subpopulations of cells with distinct phenotypes and biological properties. Intratumor heterogeneity poses major challenges in understanding cancers, managing patients, and designing effective treatment strategies. Functional heterogeneity within individual tumors is partly due to the presence of genetically distinct subclonal cell populations. Furthermore, interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment can alter the phenotype of cancer cells via nongenetic mechanisms. The combination of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic changes occurring during tumor growth generates functionally distinct subsets of cells that differentially contribute to tumor maintenance. RATIONALE In many cancers, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity can be mapped to distinct differentiation states, suggesting that cellular hierarchies established during tumor growth may affect the long-term proliferative potential of cancer cells. To shed light on the mechanisms responsible for the generation of these hierarchies, we searched for epigenetic mechanisms that determine which cancer cells can preserve unlimited proliferative potential, and thus the ability to drive long-term tumor growth, and which cells lose this ability through a differentiation process. RESULTS We found that, in several cancer types, individual tumors exhibit high heterogeneity of the major chromatin protein linker histone H1.0, showing strongly reduced H1.0 levels in cells characterized by long-term self-renewal ability and tumorigenic potential and higher levels in nontumorigenic cells. Combined analysis of pan-cancer patient data sets and experimental alteration of the H1F0 locus in tumor cells revealed that heterogeneous H1.0 expression patterns are partly due to differential methylation of an enhancer region that dynamically modulates H1.0 expression within tumors. Using a controlled system to model functional intratumor heterogeneity, we showed that maintenance of cell tumorigenic potential required silencing of H1.0 to avoid loss of unlimited proliferative capacity through differentiation. Mechanistically, absence of H1.0 led to destabilization of nucleosome-DNA interactions in AT-rich genomic regions and coordinated derepression of large sets of neighboring genes, resulting in activation of transcriptional programs that support cancer cell self-renewal. Gene expression changes induced by H1.0 loss were reversible, and epigenetic states restricting cell proliferative potential were reestablished upon H1.0 reexpression. In multiple cancer types, in agreement with the observed inhibition of cancer cell self-renewal by H1.0, patients expressing overall strongly reduced levels of H1.0 showed a significantly worse outcome than patients expressing higher H1.0 levels. CONCLUSION Intratumor heterogeneity has emerged as a general feature of cancer, but the molecular features underlying functionally diverse cellular phenotypes have been elusive. Our results uncover epigenetic determinants of tumor-maintaining cells and identify an integral component of chromatin as an important regulator of cell differentiation states within tumors. We propose that only cells insensitive to extracellular differentiation cues, capable of permanently silencing H1.0, can act as self-renewing tumor-maintaining cells and that such a mechanism supports maintenance of several types of cancer. Our results suggest that intervention aimed at restoring high levels of H1.0 in all cancer cells may enhance the differentiation process that naturally occurs during tumor growth and may be beneficial for therapeutic purposes.
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TL;DR: In this article, the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element vertical bar V-cb vertical bar was determined based on 711 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) -> Upsilon(4S) data recorded by the Belle detector and containing 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs.
Abstract: We present a determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element vertical bar V-cb vertical bar using the decay B -> Dl nu(l) (l = e,mu) based on 711 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) -> Upsilon(4S) data recorded by the Belle detector and containing 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs. One B meson in the event is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, while the other, on the signal side, is partially reconstructed from a charged lepton and either a D+ or D-0 meson in a total of 23 hadronic decay modes. The isospin-averaged branching fraction of the decay B -> Dl nu(l) is found to be B(B-0 -> D(-)l(vertical bar)nu(l)) = (2.31 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.11(syst))%. Analyzing the differential decay rate as a function of the hadronic recoil with the parametrization of Caprini, Lellouch, and Neubert and using the form-factor prediction G(1) = 1.0541 +/- 0.0083 calculated by FNAL/MILC, we obtain eta(EW)vertical bar V-cb vertical bar = (40.12 +/- 1.34) x 10(-3), where eta(EW) is the electroweak correction factor. Alternatively, assuming the model-independent form-factor parametrization of Boyd, Grinstein, and Lebed and using lattice QCD data from the FNAL/MILC and HPQCD collaborations, we find eta(EW)vertical bar V-cb vertical bar = (41.10 +/- 1.14) x 10(-3).
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Peking University1, Duke University2, Zhejiang University3, Second Military Medical University4, Xiangtan University5, Fudan University6, Anhui Medical University7, Aarhus University8, Population Research Institute9, University of Copenhagen10, Oregon State University11, University of Southern Denmark12, University of Bologna13, Boston University14, Leiden University Medical Center15, Max Planck Society16
TL;DR: A genome-wide association study of Han Chinese with a sample size 2.7 times the largest previously published GWAS on centenarians suggests protective mechanisms including immunity and nutrient metabolism and their interactions with environmental stress play key roles in human longevity.
Abstract: Only two genome-wide significant loci associated with longevity have been identified so far, probably because of insufficient sample sizes of centenarians, whose genomes may harbor genetic variants associated with health and longevity. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Han Chinese with a sample size 2.7 times the largest previously published GWAS on centenarians. We identified 11 independent loci associated with longevity replicated in Southern-Northern regions of China, including two novel loci (rs2069837-IL6; rs2440012-ANKRD20A9P) with genome-wide significance and the rest with suggestive significance (P < 3.65 × 10−5). Eight independent SNPs overlapped across Han Chinese, European and U.S. populations, and APOE and 5q33.3 were replicated as longevity loci. Integrated analysis indicates four pathways (starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism; immune response and inflammation; MAPK; calcium signaling) highly associated with longevity (P ≤ 0.006) in Han Chinese. The association with longevity of three of these four pathways (MAPK; immunity; calcium signaling) is supported by findings in other human cohorts. Our novel finding on the association of starch, sucrose and xenobiotic metabolism pathway with longevity is consistent with the previous results from Drosophilia. This study suggests protective mechanisms including immunity and nutrient metabolism and their interactions with environmental stress play key roles in human longevity.
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TL;DR: The data sample of Lambda(0)(b) -> J/psi pK(-) decays acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1), is inspected for the presence of J/PSi p or J/Psi K- contributions with minimal assumptions about K(-)p contributions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The data sample of Lambda(0)(b) -> J/psi pK(-) decays acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1), is inspected for the presence of J/psi p or J/psi K- contributions with minimal assumptions about K(-)p contributions. It is demonstrated at more than nine standard deviations that Lambda(0)(b) -> J/psi pK(-) decays cannot be described with K- p contributions alone, and that J/psi K- contributions play a dominant role in this incompatibility. These model-independent results support the previously obtained model-dependent evidence for P-c(+)-> J/psi p charmonium-pentaquark states in the same data sample.
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TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of W(+/-)Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV were presented, where the gauge bosons were reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and m...
Abstract: This paper presents measurements of W(+/-)Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and m ...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the cross-sections of prompt charm mesons with the first data from $pp$ collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$.
Abstract: Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured with the first data from $pp$ collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $4.98 \pm 0.19\,\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of $D^{0}$, $D^{+}$, $D_{s}^{+}$, and $D^{*+}$ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, and rapidity, $y$, and cover the range $0 < p_{\mathrm{T}} < 15\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $2.0 < y < 4.5$. The ratios of the integrated cross-sections between charm mesons agree with previously measured fragmentation fractions. The inclusive $c\overline{c}$ cross-section within the range of $0 < p_{\mathrm{T}} < 8\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ is found to be \[ \sigma(pp \to c\overline{c}X) = 2940 \pm 3 \pm 180 \pm 160\,\mu\mathrm{b} \] where the uncertainties are due to statistical, systematic and fragmentation fraction uncertainties, respectively.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a full amplitude analysis of the LHCb data from 7 and 8 TeV $pp$ collisions was performed with a data sample acquired with the LH detector.
Abstract: A full amplitude analysis of $\Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi p \pi^-$ decays is performed with a data sample acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV $pp$ collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$. A significantly better description of the data is achieved when, in addition to the previously observed nucleon excitations $N\to p\pi^-$, either the $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+\to J/\psi p$ states, previously observed in $\Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi p K^-$ decays, or the $Z_c(4200)^-\to J/\psi \pi^-$ state, previously reported in $B^0 \to J/\psi K^+ \pi^-$ decays, or all three, are included in the amplitude models. The data support a model containing all three exotic states, with a significance of more than three standard deviations. Within uncertainties, the data are consistent with the $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+$ production rates expected from their previous observation taking account of Cabibbo suppression.
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TL;DR: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-teV high-luminosity linear e+e-collider under development as mentioned in this paper, which is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three center-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV.
Abstract: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons.
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CERN1, University of Oslo2, Instituto Superior Técnico3, Cockcroft Institute4, Lancaster University5, Max Planck Society6, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory7, Czech Technical University in Prague8, University of Oxford9, University of Strathclyde10, TRIUMF11, University of Düsseldorf12, University of Liverpool13, Novosibirsk State University14, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics15, Technische Universität München16, University of Manchester17, Imperial College London18, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne19, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich20, University of Victoria21
01 Sep 2016-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) as mentioned in this paper is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world's first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment.
Abstract: The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world׳s first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected into the sample wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the mass spectrum for charmonium and bottomonium was obtained by using the holographic light-front wave function (LFWF) as a basis function and solving the nonperturbative dynamics by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian matrix.
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TL;DR: Results of a search for new phenomena in events with at least three photons are reported, with limits at the 95 % confidence level on new phenomena presented based on the rate of events in an inclusive signal region and a restricted signal region targeting the rare decay of the Higgs boson.
Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in events with at least three photons are reported. Data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated lumi ...
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of electroweak boson production using data from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 8TeV is presented. But the analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb(-1) recorded with the LHCb detector.
Abstract: Measurements are presented of electroweak boson production using data from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8TeV. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb(-1) recorded with the LHCb detector. The bosons are identified in the W -> mu nu and Z -> mu(+)mu(-) decay channels. The cross-sections are measured for muons in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 20 GeV/c and, in the case of the Z boson, a dimuon mass within 60 mu(+)nu(-) = 1093.6 +/- 2.1 +/- 7.2 +/- 10.9 +/- 12.7 pb, sigma(W-) -> mu(-)nu(-) = 818.4 +/- 1.9 +/- 5.0 +/- 7.0 +/- 9.5 pb, sigma(Z) -> mu(+)mu(-) = 95.0 +/- 0.3 +/- 0.7 +/- 1.1 +/- 1.1 pb, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination. The evolution of the W and Z boson cross-sections with centre-of-mass energy is studied using previously reported measurements with 1.0 fb(-1) of data at 7 TeV. Differential distributions are also presented. Results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Co...
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01 Mar 2016-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The Daya Bay experiment as mentioned in this paper was the first to report simultaneous measurements of reactor antineutrinos at multiple baselines leading to the discovery of ν¯e oscillations over km-baselines.
Abstract: The Daya Bay experiment was the first to report simultaneous measurements of reactor antineutrinos at multiple baselines leading to the discovery of ν¯e oscillations over km-baselines. Subsequent data has provided the world׳s most precise measurement of sin^2 2θ_(13) and the effective mass splitting Δm^2_(ee). The experiment is located in Daya Bay, China where the cluster of six nuclear reactors is among the world׳s most prolific sources of electron antineutrinos. Multiple antineutrino detectors are deployed in three underground water pools at different distances from the reactor cores to search for deviations in the antineutrino rate and energy spectrum due to neutrino mixing. Instrumented with photomultiplier tubes, the water pools serve as shielding against natural radioactivity from the surrounding rock and provide efficient muon tagging. Arrays of resistive plate chambers over the top of each pool provide additional muon detection. The antineutrino detectors were specifically designed for measurements of the antineutrino flux with minimal systematic uncertainty. Relative detector efficiencies between the near and far detectors are known to better than 0.2%. With the unblinding of the final two detectors’ baselines and target masses, a complete description and comparison of the eight antineutrino detectors can now be presented. This paper describes the Daya Bay detector systems, consisting of eight antineutrino detectors in three instrumented water pools in three underground halls, and their operation through the first year of eight detector data-taking.