Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.

Sampling design for the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)

Abstract: The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA) aims to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adolescents (12-17 years) enrolled in public and private schools of the 273 municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil. The study population was stratified into 32 geographical strata (27 capitals and five sets with other municipalities in each macro-region of the country) and a sample of 1,251 schools was selected with probability proportional to size. In each school three combinations of shift (morning and afternoon) and grade were selected, and within each of these combinations, one class was selected. All eligible students in the selected classes were included in the study. The design sampling weights were calculated by the product of the reciprocals of the inclusion probabilities in each sampling stage, and were later calibrated considering the projections of the numbers of adolescents enrolled in schools located in the geographical strata by sex and age.

Update of the molecular epidemiology of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil: spread of clonal complex 11 (ST11, ST437 and ST340)

Abstract: Results: Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant, with 15% and 49% being resistant to polymyxin and tigecycline, respectively. Twenty-two sequence types (STs) were observed, with ST11, ST437 and ST340 [clonal complex 11 (CC11)] being the most prevalent (75% of isolates) observed in 10 states. blaKPC-2 was associated with transposon Tn4401 ‘b’ and in 36% this gene was found in IncN plasmids of 40 kb. Conclusions: In Brazil, the spread of blaKPC-2 is occurring due to dispersion of Tn4401 ‘b’, carried by IncN plasmids of 40 kb, and mainly the dissemination of CC11, with ST437 and ST11 playing an important role.

Saúde do trabalhador: novas-velhas questões

Abstract: Como artigo para debate, este texto apresenta tres questoes consideradas cruciais pelos autores: (a) ausencia de uma efetiva Politica Nacional de Saude do Trabalhador que coloque um marco conceitual claro, apresente diretrizes de implementacao e proponha estrategias e planos de acao e de avaliacao para efetiva-la; (b) fragmentacao e dispersao da producao cientifica da area, prejudicando a importante colaboracao que a Academia poderia oferecer para fundamentar as necessidades dos agentes politicos, movimentos sociais, gestores e profissionais de saude; (c) enfraquecimento e pouca capacidade de pressao dos movimentos sociais e dos trabalhadores, evidenciando a falta de qualificacao das demandas, diante dos desafios do momento presente do mundo do trabalho no Brasil. O metodo deste trabalho consistiu na revisao critica de documentos e publicacoes da area a fim de fundamentar o tom do debate e as questoes levantadas. As bases teoricas de toda a argumentacao sao os textos que tratam da reestruturacao produtiva no Brasil, sobretudo os que analisam os efeitos nefastos desse processo e, tambem, os fundamentos do chamado "campo de saude do trabalhador".

Three months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-coinfected persons.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Compare the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of 3 months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid under direct observation (3HP) versus 9 months of daily isoniazid (9H) in HIV-infected persons. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, and open-label noninferiority trial. SETTING The United States , Brazil, Spain, Peru, Canada, and Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS HIV-infected persons who were tuberculin skin test positive or close contacts of tuberculosis cases. INTERVENTION 3HP versus 9H. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effectiveness endpoint was tuberculosis; the noninferiority margin was 0.75%. The tolerability endpoint was treatment completion; the safety endpoint was drug discontinuation because of adverse drug reaction. RESULTS Median baseline CD4 cell counts were 495 (IQR 389-675) and 538 (IQR 418-729) cells/μl in the 3HP and 9H arms, respectively (P = 0.09). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, there were two tuberculosis cases among 206 persons [517 person-years (p-y) of follow-up] in the 3HP arm (0.39 per 100 p-y) and six tuberculosis cases among 193 persons (481 p-y of follow-up) in the 9H arm (1.25 per 100 p-y). Cumulative tuberculosis rates were 1.01 versus 3.50% in the 3HP and 9H arms, respectively (rate difference: -2.49%; upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference: 0.60%). Treatment completion was higher with 3HP (89%) than 9H (64%) (P < 0.001), and drug discontinuation because of an adverse drug reaction was similar (3 vs. 4%; P = 0.79) in 3HP and 9H, respectively. CONCLUSION Among HIV-infected persons with median CD4 cell count of approximately 500 cells/μl, 3HP was as effective and safe for treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as 9H, and better tolerated.