Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

About: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is a facility organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Trypanosoma cruzi. The organization has 18673 authors who have published 36752 publications receiving 802378 citations. The organization is also known as: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz & FIOCRUZ.

II Consenso Brasileiro em Doença de Chagas, 2015

Abstract: RESUMO A doenca de Chagas e uma condicao cronica negligenciada com elevada carga de morbimortalidade e impacto dos pontos de vista psicologico, social e economico. Representa um importante problema de saude publica no Brasil, com diferentes cenarios regionais. Este documento traduz a sistematizacao das evidencias que compoe o Consenso Brasileiro de Doenca de Chagas. O objetivo foi sistematizar estrategias de diagnostico, tratamento, prevencao e controle da doenca de Chagas no pais, de modo a refletir as evidencias cientificas disponiveis. Sua construcao fundamentou-se na articulacao e contribuicao estrategica de especialistas brasileiros com conhecimento, experiencia e atualizacao sobre diferentes aspectos da doenca. Representa o resultado da estreita colaboracao entre a Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical e o Ministerio da Saude. Espera-se com este documento fortalecer o desenvolvimento de acoes integradas para enfrentamento da doenca no pais com foco em epidemiologia, gestao, atencao integral (incluindo familias e comunidades), comunicacao, informacao, educacao e pesquisas.

Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics*

Abstract: In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especially children and the elderly. In addition to becoming hyperendemic, uncommon clinical pictures like immunoreactive clinical presentations or severe systemic cases have emerged. New species were identified and classified through molecular tools using more virulent clinical isolates, like S. brasiliensis, compared to the environmental isolates. Likewise, different species of Sporothrix have been associated with different geographic regions. The serological and molecular techniques are used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and/or for species identification, although the isolation and the identification of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimen is still the gold standard. Currently sporotrichosis epidemics requires the knowledge of the epidemiological-molecular profile to control the disease and the specific treatment. Itraconazole, potassium iodide, terfinafine, and amphotericin B are the available drugs in Brazil to treat sporotrichosis. The drug of choice, its posology, and treatment duration vary according to the clinical presentation, the Sporothrix species, and host immune status. New treatment choices, including a vaccine, are being developed; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy.

Apoio social e redes: conectando solidariedade e saúde

Abstract: Este artigo discute alguns aspectos da participacao de usuarios de um servico publico de saude, o Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas (IPCEC/Fiocruz), em uma associacao de pacientes, a Associacao Lutando para Viver (ALpViver) Baseado em pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observacao participante, o trabalho analisa o papel dessa associacao, na visao de profissionais do hospital e pacientes, a partir dos conceitos de rede social, apoio social e empowerment A relevância deste estudo se da a partir da nocao de que a valorizacao de uma cultura participativa dentro das instituicoes de saude contribui para aumentar a autonomia e elevar a auto-estima dos usuarios, melhorando a qualidade de vida e de saude dos mesmos

Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from Ceará, Brazil

Abstract: Organophosphates and pyrethroids are used widely in Brazil to control Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue viruses, under the auspices of the National Programme for Dengue Control. Resistance to these insecticides is widespread throughout Brazil. In Ceara the vector is present in 98% of districts and resistance to temephos has been reported previously. Here we measure resistance to temephos and the pyrethroid cypermethrin in three populations from Ceara and use biochemical and molecular assays to characterise resistance mechanisms. Resistance to temephos varied widely across the three studied populations, with resistance ratios (RR95) of 7.2, 30 and 192.7 in Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha and Crato respectively. The high levels of resistance detected in Barbalha and Crato (RR95 ≥ 30) imply a reduction of temephos efficacy, and indeed in simulated field tests reduced effectiveness was observed for the Barbalha population. Two populations (Crato and Barbalha) were also resistant to cypermethrin, whilst Juazeiro do Norte showed only an altered susceptibility. The Ile1011Met kdr mutation was detected in all three populations and Val1016Ile in Crato and Juazeiro do Norte. 1011Met was significantly associated with resistance to cypermethrin in the Crato population. Biochemical tests showed that only the activity of esterases and GSTs, among the tested detoxification enzymes, was altered in these populations when compared with the Rockefeller strain. Our results demonstrate that two A. aegypti populations from Ceara are under strong selection pressure by temephos, compromising the field effectiveness of this organophosphate. Our results also provide evidence that the process of reducing resistance to this larvicide in the field is difficult and slow and may require more than seven years for reversal. In addition, we show resistance to cypermethrin in two of the three populations studied, and for the first time the presence of the allele 1016Ile in mosquito populations from northeastern Brazil. A significant association between 1011M et and resistance was observed in one of the populations. Target-site mechanisms seem not to be implicated in temephos resistance, reinforcing the idea that for the studied populations, detoxification enzymes most likely play a major role in the resistance to this insecticide.

Confiabilidade em Questionários para Qualidade: Um Estudo com o Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach

Abstract: O setor de servicos ocupa na sociedade atual um papel de destaque em relacao ao setor industrial, uma vez que os produtos industrializados tendem a possuir uma qualidade intrinseca semelhante, tornando o servico oferecido junto com este produto um importante diferencial competitivo. O setor de servico tambem se destaca em empresas que oferecem a sociedade servicos puros, ou seja, nao agregados a nenhum outro produto. Dada a importância deste setor, e preciso avaliar se a qualidade dos servicos ofertados esta de acordo com as expectativas dos clientes. Este trabalho faz uma analise de confiabilidade de questionarios para avaliar a qualidade de servicos em geral, por meio de um experimento realizado em um estudo de caso. Os resultados sao significativos e levam a conclusao que o coeficiente utilizado deve ser mais difundido pela literatura nacional.