Saint Louis University

About: Saint Louis University is a education organization based out in St Louis, Missouri, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 18927 authors who have published 34895 publications receiving 1267475 citations. The organization is also known as: SLU & St. Louis University.

Disorders of attention and activity level in a referral population

Abstract: Of 614 children referred for an evaluation of hyperactivity and inattention, the 422 (68.7%) who qualified for a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) were compared with the 192 (31.3%) who did not. The children with ADD had significantly higher full-scale IQ scores, verbal scores, and parental educational levels. They also had a significantly higher incidence of specific learning disabilities (73.7%). The absence of hyperactivity in children with ADD further exaggerated the differences in learning disability between the two groups. Cognitive limitation, severe parental psychopathology, and child neglect/abuse were significantly higher in the group without ADD. The two groups did not differ in the incidence of parental or child depressive symptomatology, motor diagnoses, language disorders, conduct disorders, and psychosomatic complaints. That only 29 children in whom ADD was absent (4.7% of all referrals) had been given a trial of stimulant medication does not support the presence of a major abuse of such drugs in the community.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum. IX. The permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Abstract: Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) membranes isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle are impermeable to inulin-14C (mol wt 5,000), and dextran-14C (mol wt 15,000–90,000) at pH 7.0–9.0, yielding an excluded space of 4–5 µl/mg microsomal protein. In the same pH range urea and sucrose readily penetrate the FSR membrane. EDTA or EGTA (1 mM) increased the permeability of microsomes to inulin-14C or dextran-14C at pH 8–9, parallel with the lowering of the FSR-bound Ca++ content from initial levels of 20 nmoles/mg protein to 1–3 nmoles/mg protein. EGTA was as effective as EDTA, although causing little change in the Mg++ content of FSR. The permeability increase caused by chelating agents results from the combined effects of high pH and cation depletion. As inulin began to penetrate the membrane there was an abrupt fall in the rate of Ca++ uptake and a simultaneous rise in ATPase activity. At 40°C inulin penetration occurred at pH 7.0 with 1 mM EDTA and at pH 9.0 without EDTA, suggesting increased permeability of FSR membranes. This accords with the higher rate of Ca++ release from FSR at temperatures over 30°C. The penetration of microsomal membranes by anions is markedly influenced by charge effects. At low ionic strength and alkaline pH acetate and Cl are partially excluded from microsomes when applied in concentrations not exceeding 1 mM, presumably due to the Donnan effect. Penetration of microsomal water space by acetate and Cl occurs at ionic strengths sufficiently high to minimize charge repulsions.

Epidemiology, clinical presentation and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women

Abstract: Background. Herpes simplex virus infections type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are common, but the epidemiology of HSV disease is changing. Methods. HSV-seronegative women, aged 18–30 years, who were in the control arm of the HERPEVAC Trial for Women were followed for 20 months for primary HSV infections. Results. Of the 3438 evaluable participants, 183 became infected with HSV: 127 (3.7%) with HSV-1 and 56 (1.6%) with HSV-2. The rate of infection for HSV-1 (2.5 per 100 person-years) was more than twice that for HSV-2 (1.1 per 100 person-years). Most infections (74% of HSV-1 and 63% of HSV-2) occurred without recognized signs or symptoms of herpes disease. The HSV-2 infection rate was 2.6 times higher in non-Hispanic black participants than in Hispanics and 5.5 times higher than in non-Hispanic whites (P < .001), while the HSV-1 infection rate was 1.7 times higher in non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks. Younger participants (18–22 years) were more likely to acquire HSV-1 infections and less likely to develop recognized disease than older participants. Overall, 84% of recognized disease cases were genital. No differences were noted in the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-1 vs genital HSV-2 disease. The clinicians’ assessment that cases were caused by HSV was good when they assessed cases as clinically confirmed or unlikely (validated in 83% and 100% of cases, respectively). Conclusions. HSV-1 is now more common than HSV-2 as a cause of oral and genital mucosal infections in young women, but there are important age and race differences.