Stony Brook University

About: Stony Brook University is a education organization based out in Stony Brook, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 32534 authors who have published 68218 publications receiving 3035131 citations. The organization is also known as: State University of New York at Stony Brook & SUNY Stony Brook.

Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for younger children

Abstract: Objective Little is known about the validity of the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young children. Moreover, the results of the DSM-IV field trials raised concerns that inclusion of the new predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD in DSM-IV might increase the likelihood of the diagnosis being given to active but unimpaired preschool and primary school children. Method The validity of DSM-IV criteria for each subtype of ADHD was evaluated in 126 children, aged 4 through 6 years, and 126 matched comparison children. Probands and controls were classified by using structured diagnostic interviews of the parent and a DSM-IV checklist completed by the teacher. Results Children who met DSM-IV criteria for each subtype of ADHD according to parent and teacher reports differed consistently from controls on a wide range of measures of social and academic impairment, even when other types of psychopathology and other potential confounds were controlled. Conclusions When diagnosed by means of a structured diagnostic protocol, all three DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD are valid for 4– through 6–year-old children in the sense of identifying children with lower mean scores on measures of adaptive functioning that are independently associated with ADHD. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(7):695–702.

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √=s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of root s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 ...

Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the nuclear responses and cytokine production induced by Salmonella typhimurium in cultured intestinal epithelial cells.

Abstract: Central to the pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium is its ability to engage the host cell in a two-way biochemical interaction. As a consequence of this interaction, a dedicated protein secretion system, termed type III, is activated in these bacteria and directs the translocation of signaling proteins into the host cell. Secretion of these proteins stimulates host cell signal transduction pathways that lead to a variety of cellular responses. An important feature of S. typhimurium pathogenesis is the induction of a profound inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium. In this report, we show that S. typhimurium induces host cell signal transduction pathways that lead to the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8. We also show that S. typhimurium infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells results in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK, JNK, and p38. Induction of these signaling pathways and the synthesis of IL-8 was strictly dependent on the function of the invasion-associated type III protein secretion system encoded by S. typhimurium. Pretreatment of cells with the highly specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580 prevented S. typhimurium-induced IL-8 production. These results indicate that the inflammatory response induced by S. typhimurium may be due to the specific stimulation of MAP kinase signaling pathways leading to nuclear responses.

Neutron spectroscopy of superconductors

Abstract: A complete understanding of the mechanism for superconductivity requires knowledge of the details of electrons, phonons, and their interactions, and can be summarized by the function ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F(\ensuremath{\omega})$. This function is often very similar to the phonon density of states $F(\ensuremath{\omega})=\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\delta}(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q})$, which can be derived from an analysis of neutron-scattering data. In this paper it is pointed out that the complete function ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is also (in principle) contained in neutron-scattering data if the intrinsic linewidth ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Q}$ is measured as well as the dispersion relation ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q}$. It is shown that ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F$ differs from $F$ by having a weighting factor $\frac{2{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Q}}{\ensuremath{\pi}N{(0)}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}}$ inside the summation, where $N(0)$ is the electronic density of states at the Fermi surface for both spin orientations. The dimensionless coupling constant $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ can also be expressed in terms of $N(0)$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q}$, and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Q}$. In practice, for most superconductors, the average widths ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Q}$ are smaller than presently available resolution. However, for materials with a high density of states like $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}W$ superconductors, the widths ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{Q}$ may be measurable. Also, the question of whether superconductivity arises predominantly from coupling to certain groups of phonons can be answered experimentally by searching for anomalously large widths. Estimates of average phonon widths are given for a variety of metals.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Identifies Neural Progenitor Cells in the Live Human Brain

Abstract: The identification of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) by in vivo brain imaging could have important implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. We describe a metabolic biomarker for the detection and quantification of NPCs in the human brain in vivo. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and characterize a biomarker in which NPCs are enriched and demonstrated its use as a reference for monitoring neurogenesis. To detect low concentrations of NPCs in vivo, we developed a signal processing method that enabled the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of the NPC biomarker in both the rodent brain and the hippocampus of live humans. Our findings thus open the possibility of investigating the role of NPCs and neurogenesis in a wide variety of human brain disorders.