Institution
University of Fribourg
Education•Fribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland•
About: University of Fribourg is a education organization based out in Fribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 6040 authors who have published 14975 publications receiving 542500 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIFR & Universität Freiburg.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is shown that in cells transiently transfected with bax, Bax localizes to mitochondria and induces the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and cell death, indicating that Bcl-2 can interfere with Bax killing downstream of and independently of cy tochrome c release.
Abstract: Following exposure of cells to stimuli that trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis), cytochrome c is rapidly released from mitochondria into the cytoplasm where it activates proteolytic molecules known as caspases that specifically cleave the amino-acid sequence DEVD and are crucial for the execution of apoptosis1,2,3,4 The protein Bcl-2 interferes with this activation of caspases by preventing the release of cytochrome c2,3,4 Here we study these molecular interactions during apoptosis induced by the protein Bax, a pro-apoptotic homologue of Bcl-2 (refs 5, 6) We show that in cells transiently transfected with bax, Bax localizes to mitochondria and induces the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and cell death Caspase inibitors do not affect Bax-induced cytochrome c release but block caspase-3 activation and nuclear fragmentation Unexpectedly, Bcl-2 also fails to prevent Bax-induced cytochrome c release, although it co-localizes with Bax to mitochondria Cells overexpressing both Bcl-2 and Bax show no signs of caspase activation and survive with significant amounts of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm These findings indicate that Bcl-2 can interfere with Bax killing downstream of and independently of cytochrome c release
884 citations
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TL;DR: Results indicate that SA-independent compensation pathways that do not operate in NahG plants are active in sid mutants, and one of the mutants is allelic to eds5 (for enhanced disease susceptibility), whereas the other mutant has not been described previously.
Abstract: In Arabidopsis, systemic acquired resistance against pathogens has been associated with the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression of the pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5. We report here the isolation of two nonallelic mutants impaired in the pathway leading to SA biosynthesis. These SA induction-deficient (sid) mutants do not accumulate SA after pathogen inoculation and are more susceptible to both virulent and avirulent forms of Pseudomonas syringae and Peronospora parasitica. However, sid mutants are not as susceptible to these pathogens as are transgenic plants expressing the nahG gene encoding an SA hydroxylase that degrades SA to catechol. In contrast to NahG plants, only the expression of PR-1 is strongly reduced in sid mutants, whereas PR-2 and PR-5 are still expressed after pathogen attack. Furthermore, the accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin is normal. These results indicate that SA-independent compensation pathways that do not operate in NahG plants are active in sid mutants. One of the mutants is allelic to eds5 (for enhanced disease susceptibility), whereas the other mutant has not been described previously.
879 citations
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ExxonMobil1, University of Houston2, University of Pretoria3, University of Nebraska–Lincoln4, University of Texas at Austin5, New Mexico State University6, University of Texas at Arlington7, University of South Carolina8, University of Toronto9, University of the Balearic Islands10, Chevron Corporation11, University of Saskatchewan12, University of Fribourg13, Royal Dutch Shell14
TL;DR: Catuneanu et al. as discussed by the authors used a neutral approach that focused on model-independent, fundamental concepts, because these are the ones common to various approaches and this search for common ground is what they meant by "standardization", not the imposition of a strict, inflexible set of rules for the placement of sequence-stratigraphicsurfaces.
872 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a complex hydride called LiBH 4, which consists of 18.5% of hydrogen, was successfully catalyzed with SiO 2 and 13.5 % of hydrogen was liberated starting already at 200°C.
854 citations
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TL;DR: A critical review of the recent literature in smell and taste studies in Drosophila is provided to provide broad insights into the problem of sensory coding.
Abstract: The chemical senses—smell and taste—allow animals to evaluate and distinguish valuable food resources from dangerous substances in the environment. The central mechanisms by which the brain recognizes and discriminates attractive and repulsive odorants and tastants, and makes behavioral decisions accordingly, are not well understood in any organism. Recent molecular and neuroanatomical advances in Drosophila have produced a nearly complete picture of the peripheral neuroanatomy and function of smell and taste in this insect. Neurophysiological experiments have begun to provide insight into the mechanisms by which these animals process chemosensory cues. Given the considerable anatomical and functional homology in smell and taste pathways in all higher animals, experimental approaches in Drosophila will likely provide broad insights into the problem of sensory coding. Here we provide a critical review of the recent literature in this field and comment on likely future directions.
842 citations
Authors
Showing all 6204 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jens Nielsen | 149 | 1752 | 104005 |
Sw. Banerjee | 146 | 1906 | 124364 |
Hans Peter Beck | 143 | 1134 | 91858 |
Patrice Nordmann | 127 | 790 | 67031 |
Abraham Z. Snyder | 125 | 329 | 91997 |
Csaba Szabó | 123 | 958 | 61791 |
Robert Edwards | 121 | 775 | 74552 |
Laurent Poirel | 117 | 621 | 53680 |
Thomas Münzel | 116 | 1055 | 57716 |
David G. Amaral | 112 | 302 | 49094 |
F. Blanc | 107 | 1514 | 58418 |
Markus Stoffel | 102 | 620 | 50796 |
Vincenzo Balzani | 101 | 476 | 45722 |
Enrico Bertini | 99 | 865 | 38167 |
Sandeep Kumar | 94 | 1563 | 38652 |