University of Saskatchewan

About: University of Saskatchewan is a education organization based out in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 25021 authors who have published 52579 publications receiving 1483049 citations. The organization is also known as: USask.

Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases.

Abstract: Respiratory tract disease can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infections in dogs and cats and is a common reason for use and potential misuse, improper use, and overuse of antimicrobials. There is a lack of comprehensive treatment guidelines such as those that are available for human medicine. Accordingly, the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases convened a Working Group of clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists, and internists to share experiences, examine scientific data, review clinical trials, and develop these guidelines to assist veterinarians in making antimicrobial treatment choices for use in the management of bacterial respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.

An assessment on the sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefining

Abstract: Biofuels are promoted in a wide-scale as a means of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass, particularly from agricultural crops are being massively supported worldwide for meeting multiple strategy objectives such as climate change mitigation, energy security and development of the rural economy. Recently, the negative implications of using food crops for fuel have been realized to possess a significant threat towards global food security and competition for arable land. In contrast, lignocellulosic biomass in the form of waste residues from agriculture, forestry and energy crop systems are geographically abundant worldwide and have the potential to support the sustainable production of liquid transportation fuels. This paper encompasses the improvement in biofuels sector in relation to revitalizing and restraining the rural economies across the globe along with the global statistics for lignocellulosic biomass availability. In addition, the socio-environmental impacts of energy and greenhouse gas emissions from biomass conversion technologies have been addressed through highlights on life-cycle assessment of several biomasses.

Eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance and translesion synthesis through covalent modifications of PCNA.

Abstract: In addition to well-defined DNA repair pathways, all living organisms have evolved mechanisms to avoid cell death caused by replication fork collapse at a site where replication is blocked due to disruptive covalent modifications of DNA. The term DNA damage tolerance (DDT) has been employed loosely to include a collection of mechanisms by which cells survive replication-blocking lesions with or without associated genomic instability. Recent genetic analyses indicate that DDT in eukaryotes, from yeast to human, consists of two parallel pathways with one being error-free and another highly mutagenic. Interestingly, in budding yeast, these two pathways are mediated by sequential modifications of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by two ubiquitination complexes Rad6-Rad18 and Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5. Damage-induced monoubiquitination of PCNA by Rad6-Rad18 promotes translesion synthesis (TLS) with increased mutagenesis, while subsequent polyubiquitination of PCNA at the same K164 residue by Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5 promotes error-free lesion bypass. Data obtained from recent studies suggest that the above mechanisms are conserved in higher eukaryotes. In particular, mammals contain multiple specialized TLS polymerases. Defects in one of the TLS polymerases have been linked to genomic instability and cancer.

PNS-CNS transitional zone of the first cranial nerve.

Abstract: This study examined the ultrastructure of the region of transition where fascicles of olfactory axons leave the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to enter the central nervous system (CNS), the so-called PNS-CNS transitional zone. Adult rats were transcardially perfused with a solution of 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% paraformaldehyde, decapitated, and the heads decalcified over a period of several weeks in a solution of 1% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; the latter solution was changed daily. It was found that astrocytes did not form the glia limitans at the nerve entry zone, unlike the situation that exists in other cranial and spinal nerves. Rather, the glia limitans in this region of the olfactory bulb was formed by a special type of glial cell, referred to as an ensheathing cell. Ensheathing cells are found only in the nerve fiber layer of the olfactory bulb. They possess a mixture of Schwann cell and astrocytic features and are more likely to be of placodal than of CNS origin. The meningeal coverings of the olfactory nerve rootlets and of the olfactory bulb are also described and the functional implications of the findings discussed.