Institution
University of Saskatchewan
Education•Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada•
About: University of Saskatchewan is a education organization based out in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 25021 authors who have published 52579 publications receiving 1483049 citations. The organization is also known as: USask.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: This paper uses a large test corpus to evaluate Kea’s effectiveness in terms of how many author-assigned keyphrases are correctly identified, and describes the system, which is simple, robust, and publicly available.
Abstract: Keyphrases provide semantic metadata that summarize and characterize documents. This paper describes Kea, an algorithm for automatically extracting keyphrases from text. Kea identifies candidate keyphrases using lexical methods, calculates feature values for each candidate, and uses a machine-learning algorithm to predict which candidates are good keyphrases. The machine learning scheme first builds a prediction model using training documents with known keyphrases, and then uses the model to find keyphrases in new documents. We use a large test corpus to evaluate Kea's effectiveness in terms of how many author-assigned keyphrases are correctly identified. The system is simple, robust, and publicly available.
898 citations
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St George's, University of London1, University of Sydney2, University of California, San Diego3, University of Iceland4, Karolinska Institutet5, University of Amsterdam6, University of Saskatchewan7, University of Helsinki8, National Institute for Health and Welfare9, Thomas Jefferson University10, University of Southampton11, Norwegian University of Science and Technology12, Crozer-Keystone Health System13, University College London14, University of Bristol15, University of London16, Dokkyo Medical University17, Harvard University18, University of Eastern Finland19, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital20
TL;DR: In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk, and the shape of the birth weight-type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less.
Abstract: Context Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been systematically examined. Objective To conduct a quantitative systematic review examining published evidence on the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in adults. Data Sources and Study Selection Relevant studies published by June 2008 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1950), and Web of Science (from 1980), with a combination of text words and Medical Subject Headings. Studies with either quantitative or qualitative estimates of the association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes were included. Data Extraction Estimates of association (odds ratio [OR] per kilogram of increase in birth weight) were obtained from authors or from published reports in models that allowed the effects of adjustment (for body mass index and socioeconomic status) and the effects of exclusion (for macrosomia and maternal diabetes) to be examined. Estimates were pooled using random-effects models, allowing for the possibility that true associations differed between populations. Data Synthesis Of 327 reports identified, 31 were found to be relevant. Data were obtained from 30 of these reports (31 populations; 6090 diabetes cases; 152 084 individuals). Inverse birth weight–type 2 diabetes associations were observed in 23 populations (9 of which were statistically significant) and positive associations were found in 8 (2 of which were statistically significant). Appreciable heterogeneity between populations (I 2 = 66%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-77%) was largely explained by positive associations in 2 native North American populations with high prevalences of maternal diabetes and in 1 other population of young adults. In the remaining 28 populations, the pooled OR of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) per kilogram. The shape of the birth weight–type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less. Adjustment for current body mass index slightly strengthened the association (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.82] before adjustment and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76] after adjustment). Adjustment for socioeconomic status did not materially affect the association (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84] before adjustment and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.84] after adjustment). There was no strong evidence of publication or small study bias. Conclusion In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk.
895 citations
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01 Jan 2003TL;DR: This chapter gives a broad introduction to probability and statistics and defines the important terms, such as probability, statistics, chance and randomness.
Abstract: This chapter gives a broad introduction to probability and statistics and defines the important terms, such as probability, statistics, chance and randomness It also provides an overview of the information provided in the chapters of the book This book starts with the basics of probability and then covers descriptive statistics Then various probability distributions are investigated The second half of the book is mostly concerned with statistical inference, including relations between two or more variables and there are introductory chapters on the design and analysis of experiments The book also includes a number of computer examples and computer exercises, which can be done using Microsoft Excel Solved problem examples and problems for the reader to solve are included throughout the book A great majority of the problems are directly applied to engineering, involving many different branches of engineering They show how statistics and probability can be applied by professional engineers
893 citations
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TL;DR: The genes encoding two DGAT enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, were identified in the past decade, and the use of molecular tools, including mice deficient in either enzyme, has shed light on their functions.
891 citations
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University of Saskatchewan1, United States Geological Survey2, University of Washington3, University of Minnesota4, University of Colorado Boulder5, University of Montana6, Northern Arizona University7, North Carolina State University8, Lewis & Clark College9, University of Auckland10, University of Wisconsin-Madison11
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of ecological memory on post-disturbance dynamics imply that contingencies (effects that cannot be predicted with certainty) of individual disturbances, interactions among disturbances, and climate variability combine to affect ecosystem resilience.
Abstract: Ecological memory is central to how ecosystems respond to disturbance and is maintained by two types of legacies – information and material. Species life-history traits represent an adaptive response to disturbance and are an information legacy; in contrast, the abiotic and biotic structures (such as seeds or nutrients) produced by single disturbance events are material legacies. Disturbance characteristics that support or maintain these legacies enhance ecological resilience and maintain a “safe operating space” for ecosystem recovery. However, legacies can be lost or diminished as disturbance regimes and environmental conditions change, generating a “resilience debt” that manifests only after the system is disturbed. Strong effects of ecological memory on post-disturbance dynamics imply that contingencies (effects that cannot be predicted with certainty) of individual disturbances, interactions among disturbances, and climate variability combine to affect ecosystem resilience. We illustrate these concepts and introduce a novel ecosystem resilience framework with examples of forest disturbances, primarily from North America. Identifying legacies that support resilience in a particular ecosystem can help scientists and resource managers anticipate when disturbances may trigger abrupt shifts in forest ecosystems, and when forests are likely to be resilient.
887 citations
Authors
Showing all 25277 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
Frederick Wolfe | 119 | 417 | 101272 |
Christopher G. Goetz | 116 | 651 | 59510 |
John P. Giesy | 114 | 1162 | 62790 |
Helmut Kettenmann | 104 | 380 | 40211 |
Paul M. O'Byrne | 104 | 605 | 56520 |
Susan S. Taylor | 104 | 518 | 42108 |
Keith A. Hobson | 103 | 653 | 41300 |
Mark S. Tremblay | 100 | 541 | 43843 |
James F. Fries | 100 | 369 | 83589 |
Gordon McKay | 97 | 661 | 61390 |
Jonathan D. Adachi | 96 | 589 | 31641 |
Wenjun Zhang | 96 | 976 | 38530 |
William C. Dement | 96 | 340 | 43014 |
Chris Ryan | 95 | 971 | 34388 |