Showing papers in "Cell Host & Microbe in 2007"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that host-mediated inflammation in response to an infecting agent, a chemical trigger, or genetic predisposition markedly alters the colonic microbial community.

TL;DR: It is shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-encoded neurovirulence protein ICP34.5 binds to the mammalian autophagy protein Beclin 1 and inhibits its Autophagy function, which is essential for viral Neurovirulence.

TL;DR: A gnotobiotic mouse model is developed where the microbiota is reduced to one bacterial species, and the antibody repertoire to a single, monoclonal IgA against the bacterium's capsular polysaccharide to underscore the adaptive immune system's critical role in establishing a sustainable host-microbial relationship.

TL;DR: HopAI1, an effector widely conserved in both plant and animal bacterial pathogens, inhibits the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activated by exposure to PAMPs, uncovering a mechanism by which Pseudomonas syringae overcomes host innate immunity to promote pathogenesis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the endogenous microbiota establish the normal homeostatic level of neutrophils in the zebrafish intestine through a process involving Iap, Myd88, and Tnfr, and plays a crucial role in promoting mucosal tolerance to resident gut bacteria.

TL;DR: It is shown that the interferon-induced protein viperin inhibits influenza A virus release from the plasma membrane of infected cells, suggesting that targeting the release stage of the life cycle may affect the replication of many enveloped viruses.

TL;DR: It is shown that expression of the viral accessory protein PB1-F2 enhances inflammation during primary viral infection of mice and increases both the frequency and severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia.

TL;DR: In this paper, a high-resolution profile of Mtb invasion-linked gene expression was generated by assaying the Mtb transcriptome at 20 min intervals up to 2 hr postinfection.

TL;DR: The deconjugating activity of viral OTU proteases represents a unique viral strategy to inhibit Ub- and ISG15-dependent antiviral pathways.

TL;DR: Examination of the relationship between a prototypical plus-strand RNA virus and SGs elucidate a mechanism for viral interference with mRNP metabolism and gene regulation and support a critical role of G3BP in SG formation and restriction of virus replication.

TL;DR: For all mAbs studied, enhancement of infection is possible in cells bearing activating Fc-gamma receptors when the number of mAbs docked to the virion is not sufficient for neutralization.

TL;DR: Cryopyrin is identified as an important host regulator of programmed pathogen-induced necrosis in animals, a process the authors term pyronecrosis.

TL;DR: It is proposed that HIV-1 expresses Vpu to counteract an IFNalpha-induced, general host defense that inhibits dissemination of enveloped virions from the surface of infected cells.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the IpaH homolog SspH1 from Salmonella enterica can ubiquitinate ubiquitin and PKN1, a previously identified SSpH1 interaction partner, and a function for IPAH family members as E3 Ubiquitin ligases is assigned.

TL;DR: It is shown that a virus-encoded transcription factor, viral mRNA, cellular RNA-binding protein heterodimer G3BP/Caprin-1 (p137), translation initiation factors eIF4E and eif4G, and ribosomal proteins are concentrated in the same subdomains of cytoplasmic DNA factories.

TL;DR: It is proposed that, by manipulating cellular cholesterol, WNV utilizes the cellular response to cholesterol deficiency and dependence of antiviral signaling pathways on cholesterol-rich microdomains to facilitate viral replication and survival.

TL;DR: In this article, a plasmid-based reverse genetics approach was used for studies of double-stranded (ds) RNA virus replication and pathogenesis and used to develop reovirus as a vaccine vector.

TL;DR: It is shown that CVB does not induce major reorganization of the TJ, but stimulates the specific internalization of occludin-a TJ integral membrane component-within macropinosomes, and occurs by a process that combines aspects of caveolar endocytosis with features characteristic of macropinocytotic.

TL;DR: It is shown that sporozoites of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei use the sulfation level of host heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to navigate within the mammalian host.

TL;DR: It is proposed that residence within macrophages represents an evolutionary trade-off for pathogenic mycobacteria that slows their early growth but provides a mechanism for tissue dissemination.

TL;DR: The quorum-sensing pentapeptide, competence and sporulation factor, of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis activates key survival pathways, including p38 MAP kinase and protein kinase B (Akt), in intestinal epithelial cells, and serves as an example of a host-bacterial interaction that allows the host to monitor and respond to changes in the behavior or composition of colonic flora.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the coordinated activity of Hss and Hrt allows S. aureus to sense internal host tissues, resulting in tempered virulence to avoid excessive host tissue damage.

TL;DR: It is shown that S. aureus IsdA, a surface protein produced in response to the host, decreases bacterial cellular hydrophobicity rendering them resistant to bactericidal human skin fatty acids and peptides.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a clathrin-based entry pathway allowing internalization of large objects (bacteria and ligand-coated beads) and used by "zippering" bacteria as part of a general mechanism to invade host mammalian cells.

TL;DR: CagA activates host cell survival and antiapoptotic pathways to overcome self-renewal of the gastric epithelium and help sustain Hp infection.

TL;DR: It is concluded that polyreactive antibodies are a major contributor to the broad antibacterial activity of the natural antibody repertoire.

TL;DR: Using a host-to-environment transition assay, a unique class of V. cholerae genes expressed prior to exiting the host intestinal tract are advantageous for subsequent life in aquatic environments and are identified as unique to this stage of infection.

TL;DR: It is discovered that Cryptococcus can parasitically interact with plants to complete its sexual cycle, which may impact an understanding of the origin and evolution of both plant and animal fungal pathogens in nature.

TL;DR: In vitro domain analysis indicated that both FH1-like and WH2 domains are required for actin nucleation and polymerization activity, suggesting that VopF-mediated alteration of actin polymerization homeostasis is required for efficient intestinal colonization by T3SS+V.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SipA delivery continues after Salmonella internalization, with dosage being restricted by host-mediated degradation, and precise intracellular communication between effectors deployed by distinct T3SSs underlying SCV biogenesis is revealed.