Showing papers in "Modern Pathology in 2020"

TL;DR: Postmortem examinations of lung, liver, and heart in four patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia show advanced diffuse alveolar damage, as well as superimposed bacterial pneumonia in some patients.

TL;DR: A timeline and correlating histopathological findings with clinical stages of COVID-19 are constructed and found to be consistent with knowledge regarding clinical patterns of viral infection, development of hyperinflammation and hypercoagulability, and fibrosis.

TL;DR: COVID-19 pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease (tracheobronchitis, DAD, and vascular injury), but with consistent features in three centers, with Viral infection in areas of ongoing active injury contributes to persistent and temporally heterogeneous lung damage.

TL;DR: Investigation of the performance of immunohistochemistry and DNA-based next-generation sequencing to indirectly or directly detect NTRK fusions relative to an RNA-basedNext- generation sequencing approach in the largest cohort of NTRk fusion positive solid tumors to date finds both sensitivity and specificity were poor in sarcomas.

TL;DR: It is suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 who developed respiratory failure can be detected during the acute phase of lung injury and is absent in the organizing phase.

TL;DR: It is found that the placenta is capable of being infected but that this event is rare, and it is proposed one explanation could be the polarized expression of ACE2 away from the maternal blood and pronounced paucity of TMPRSS2 expression in trophoblast.

TL;DR: Patients dying of COVID-19 had biochemical evidence of hepatitis (of variable severity) and demonstrated histologic findings of macrovesicular steatosis and mild acute hepatitis (lobular necroinflammation) and mild portal inflammation.

TL;DR: Results of this study suggest that, when the testing laboratory is not able to use an Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic for PD-L1 assessment for its specific clinical purpose, it is better to develop a properly validated laboratory developed test for the same purpose(s).

TL;DR: Observers Needed to Evaluate Subjective Tests (ONEST) was utilized to determine the minimum number of evaluators needed to estimate concordance between large numbers of readers, as occurs in the real-world setting.

TL;DR: This randomized, prospective study successfully validated remote use of a digital pathology system including operational feasibility supporting remote review and reporting of pathology specimens, and evaluation of remote access performance and usability for remote signout.

TL;DR: The proposed nomenclature under the umbrella diagnosis of placenta Accreta accreta spectrum (PAS) replaces the traditional categorical terminology with a descriptive grading system that parallels the guidelines endorsed by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).

TL;DR: This work investigated how pathologists interact with Paige Prostate Alpha, a state-of-the-art PrCa detection system, in WSIs of prostate needle core biopsies stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and found that pathologists more often correctly classified smaller, lower grade tumors, and spent less time analyzing each WSI.

TL;DR: A pattern-based p53 IHC interpretation framework is described, which can be utilized as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutational status in both VSCC and vulvar in situ lesions.

TL;DR: MTAP immunohistochemistry is a reliable surrogate for CDKN2A fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and interlaboratory reproducibility is excellent for interpretation of MTAP staining, and protocols performed in different laboratories yield concordant MTAPStaining results.

TL;DR: The results of the study demonstrate that childhood- and adolescent-onset PDTC are genetically distinct from adult-onsets PDTC in that they are strongly associated with DICER1 mutations and may herald DICer1 syndrome in a minority.

TL;DR: It is concluded that mesothelioma in situ, as diagnosed using the criteria outlined above, is associated with a high risk of developing invasive mesothelial cells, but typically over a relatively protracted time, so that curable interventions maybe possible.

TL;DR: The data prove that DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion is neither exclusive nor diagnostic for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, and caution should be exercised in diagnosing liver tumors with DNAJB 1- PRKACA fusions, particularly if a pancreatic lesion is present.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that COVID-19 infection triggers a systemic immune-inflammatory disease and allow specific therapies to be proposed and reveal the histological substrate for the macrophage activation syndrome-like exhibited by these patients.

TL;DR: The clinicopathologic and molecular findings of a large cohort of 93 translocation-positive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma managed at the authors' institution were investigated and patient characteristics, histologic features, treatment outcomes, and genetic abnormalities were correlated with overall survival.

TL;DR: The data confirm and expand the spectrum of the new family of FET-TFCP2 rhabdomyosarcomas, which are associated with a predilection for the craniofacial bones, an aggressive course, and recurrent pathological features.

TL;DR: While the “spitzoid melanomas” comprising the cohort were enriched for bona fide Spitz melanomas, the majority of melanomas fell outside of the genetically defined category of Spitzer melanoma, indicating that histomorphology is an unreliable predictor of Spitz lineage.

TL;DR: The histologic findings of multinodular growth and extensive lymphovascular spread, seen in all NTRK-rearranged thyroid carcinomas, may serve as useful histomorphologic clues to prompt N TRK status testing.

TL;DR: Tumor mutation burden, MSIsensor score, and truncating mismatch repair gene mutations were similar between microsatellite instability-high cases with concordant versus discordant immunohistochemical expression, and these cases are enriched for pathogenic mismatch repair missense mutations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined VISTA expression in a large pleural mesothelioma cohort and evaluated the overall survival using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard analysis.

TL;DR: Evidence indicates that only the SP142 assay generates significantly discordant immunohistochemical staining, which can be resolved by altering the assay protocol, and inter-assay discordances are more likely attributable to tumor heterogeneity, assay, or platform variables rather than antibody epitope.

TL;DR: Evaluation of molecular markers of prognosis is an active area of current research; however, additional data are needed before it would be appropriate to recommend use of such tests in routine clinical practice.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that gynecologic carcinosarcomas share similarities in their HER2 expression/amplification profiles to endometrial serous carcinomas, which should be taken into account when assessing their Her2 status to ensure appropriate patient selection for potential targeted HER2-based therapies in the future.

TL;DR: This study describes 12 ALK-RCCs from 8 institutions, with detailed clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses, and advocates a routine ALK IHC screening for “unclassifiable RCCs” with heterogeneous features.

TL;DR: Performing pan-Trk IHC on this preselected subgroup of MLH1/PMS2/BRAFV600E triple negative CRCs is a resource effective approach to identify the overwhelming majority of CRC patients with NTRK gene fusions.

TL;DR: Compared with acute cellular rejection, immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis is characterized by a more lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate with an increased CD68/CD3 ratio and increased PD-L1 + macrophages and myocytes.