Showing papers in "Radiotherapy and Oncology in 2021"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the updated results of the Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Non-Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer (MACH-NC), showing that concomitant chemotherapy (CT) improved overall survival (OS) in patients without distant metastasis.

TL;DR: These data suggest that BNCT using C-BENS with borofalan(10B) is a promising treatment option for patients with R-SCC or R/LA-nSCC of the head and neck.

TL;DR: In this article, the most frequently used evaluation techniques which include geometric overlap, dosimetric parameters, time spent contouring, and clinical rating scales are reviewed for auto-segmentation in radiotherapy.

TL;DR: The human body contains a pair of previously overlooked and clinically relevant macroscopic salivary gland locations, for which the name tubarial glands are proposed, which may provide an opportunity to improve their quality of life in patients receiving RT.

TL;DR: A European consensus conference on endometrial carcinoma was held in 2014 to produce multidisciplinary evidence-based guidelines on selected questions as discussed by the authors, and the authors of the guidelines are based on the best available evidence and expert agreement.

TL;DR: The novel and noninvasive deep learning approach could provide efficient and accurate prediction of treatment response to nCRT in ESCC, and benefit clinical decision making of therapeutic strategy.

TL;DR: At 12 years there remains a significant improvement in RFS after EBRT + HDR-BTb; both treatments were equitoxic for severe late urinary and bowel events and urethral strictures.

TL;DR: The phase I NANO-RAD trial assessed the safety and maximum tolerated dose of systemic administration of a novel gadolinium-based nanoparticle, AGuIX, in combination with whole brain radiotherapy in patients with multiple brain metastases not suitable for stereotactic radiotherapy as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a bottom-up approach starting from the chemical track evolution of 1-MeV electrons in oxygenated water simulated with the TRAX-CHEM Monte Carlo code was used to determine the oxygen consumption and radiolytic reactive oxygen species production following a short radiation pulse.

TL;DR: MR-guided radiotherapy using daily full online recontouring and replanning on a 1.5T MR-linac for rectal cancer is feasible and currently takes about 48 minutes per fraction.

TL;DR: WBNet as discussed by the authors is a deep learning-based automatic segmentation (AS) algorithm that can accurately and efficiently delineate all major OARs in the entire body directly on CT scans.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a survey to determine real-world hypofractionation adoption across different geographic regions for breast, prostate, cervical cancer, and bone metastases, and identify barriers and facilitators to its use.

TL;DR: In this article, the clinical utility of deep learning-based autosegmentation for MR-based prostate radiotherapy planning was evaluated for 173 patients undergoing prostate-only radiation at an institution from June to December 2019.

TL;DR: Several lines of evidence in preclinical models identified that vancomycin improves RT-induced gastrointestinal toxicities such as diarrhea and oral mucositis and outline current knowledge gaps and discuss potentially more satisfactory therapeutic options to restore the functionality of the gut microbiome of patients treated with RT.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive individual toxicity risk profile is needed to improve radiation treatment optimisation, minimising toxicity burden, in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, and the authors aimed to develop and externally validate NTCP models for various toxicities at multiple time points.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium damage and their impact on early and late radiation injury, and reviewed established and emerging in vivo and in vitro models that have been developed to study the mechanisms of exposure of tissue to ionizing radiation and to design, develop and rapidly screen therapeutics for treatment of radiationinduced vascular damage.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the best time to achieve pCR in LARC is at 10 weeks, considering that the lengthening of SI is not detrimental concerning postoperative complications or survival outcomes.

TL;DR: In this article, a deep convolutional neural network-based approach for fast and reproducible auto-contouring of organs at risk (OARs) in HDR-BT was proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, the ESTRO-ACROP recommendation aims to provide an overview of available systems and guidance for best practice in the implementation phase of hybrid MR-linac systems.

TL;DR: In this article, averaged linear energy transfer (LET) is used to express the radiation quality of ion beams, when characterizing the biological effectiveness of hadronic beams, however, averaged LET may be defined in multiple ways, and the chosen definition may impact the resulting reported value.

TL;DR: In this paper, CT based target contouring recommendations based on 4 remission categories within 8 defined environments, aim at improving the contouring accuracy for image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using CT, US and MRI as available.

TL;DR: This guideline has the purpose to support standardised and optimised processes of RT treatment planning for both, clinical practice and prospective studies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report early findings from a phase II trial of high-dose radiotherapy (HD-RT) with or without low-dose RT (LD-RT), for metastatic cancer.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that while it is difficult to achieve FLASH dose rate for a large field or in a volume, local FLASH delivery to certain percentage of the total dose is possible.

TL;DR: Radiomics based models for lung cancer have to date demonstrated modest prognostic capabilities and future research should consider using standardised radiomics features, robust feature selection and model development, and deep learning techniques, absolving the need for pre-defined features, to improve imaging-based models.

TL;DR: In this article, the temporal changes in radiomic features following neoadjuvant treatment (delta-radiomics) may be able to predict the pathological complete response (pCR).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified RRP as lung CT modifications occurring in the irradiation field >6 months after conventionally fractionated radiotherapy completion and >1 year after stereotactic body radiation therapy.

TL;DR: Deep learning sCT generation with varied input data for accurate Synthetic-CT generation for anorectal cancers and T2-SPACE MRI sequence use for generalisable pelvic synthetic-CT is presented.

TL;DR: Deep-learning networks for accurate prediction of proton and photon dose distributions for abdominal paediatric tumours were established and these networks allowing fast dose visualization might aid in identifying the optimal radiotherapy technique when experience and/or resources are unavailable.

TL;DR: In this paper, a single, nontoxic, low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) treatment (0.5-1.0 ǫ) is linked to beneficial subcellular effects mediated by the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related transcription factor (Nrf2) and favorable clinical outcomes for COVID-19 pneumonia patients displaying symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).